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A creole is a language descended from a pidgin that has become the native language of a group of people. Study of Creole languages around the world (in particular by Derek Bickerton) has shown that they display remarkable similarities in grammar, lending support to the theory of a Universal Grammar. The majority of creole languages are based on English and other Indo-European languages (their superstrate language), with local or immigrant languages as substrate languages. Pidgins are rudimentary languages improvised by non-native speakers; when pidgins creolize, however, they develop fully-formed and stable grammar structures, usually as a result of the pidgin being natively learned by children. (see Nicaraguan Sign Language.)
In some cases the group of people who speak such a language
are called Creoles.
Below are described some of the better-known creoles.
1 Arabic creoles
An Arabic-based creole spoken by descendants of Sudanese soldiers mainly in Kenya and Uganda, formed in the nineteenth century from a Sudanese Arabic-based pidgin used for intercommunication among southern Sudanese ethnic groups. See also Varieties of Arabic.
1.2 Juba Arabic
A major language of inter-ethnic communication in Equatoria (southern Sudan), creolized from the same pidgin Arabic as Ki-Nubi.
1.3 Babalia Creole Arabic
A Shuwa Arabic -based creole spoken in 23 villages of the Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture in southwestern ChadThe Republic of Chad is a country in central Africa that borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west. Jumhuriyat Tashad Republique du Tchad In Detail; the substrate language was Berakou .
2 Cree creoles
2.1 Chinook JargonChinook Jargon was a trade language (or pidgin) of the Pacific Northwest, which spread quickly up the West Coast as far as Alaska. It is related to, but not the same as the indigenous language of the Chinook people. Jargon was derived from a great variety
was used as a trade language by Native Americans prior to, and shortly after, contact with EuropeFor the band of the same name, see Europe (band . Europe is a continent forming the westermost part of the Eurasian supercontinent. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Seans. It contains elements of CreeCree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. We can divide the Cree dialect continuum by several criteria. Dialects spoken from north-eastern Ontario and many neighboring Native American languagesNative American languages are the indigenous languages of the Americas, spoken from Alaska and Greenland to the southern tip of South America. The Native American languages consist of dozens of distinct language families as well as many language isolates;. After European contact, it also began incorporating elements of FrenchFrench le francais la langue francaise is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered only by Spanish and Portuguese. French is the 11th most spoken language in the world, spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother to and English. While not strictly speaking a creole (it had no native speakers), it had well-defined grammar, phonology, and vocabulary, and thus can be placed in the category of creoles.
