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Dagon was a major northwest Semitic god, the god of grain and agriculture according the few sources to speak of the matter, worshipped by the early Amorites, by the people of Elba, by the people of Ugarit and a chief god (perhaps the chief god) of the Biblical Philistines. His name appears in Hebrew as דגון (in modern transcription Dagon, Tiberian Hebrew Dāḡôn), in Ugaritic as dgn (probably vocalized as Dagnu), and in Akkadian as Dagana, Daguna usually rendered in English translations as Dagan.
In Ugaritic the word dgn also means 'grain'. Similarly in Hebrew dāgān, Samaritan digan is an archaic word for 'grain', perhaps related to Middle Hebrew and Jewish Aramaic word dgnʾ 'be cut open' or to Arabic dagn 'rain-(cloud). Sanchuniathon also says Dagon means Siton, that being the Greek word for 'grain'. Sanchuniathon further explains: "And Dagon, after he discovered grain and the plough, was called Zeus Arotrios." The word Arotrios means 'ploughman', 'pertaining to agriculture'.
Another theory relating the name to Hebrew dāg/dâg 'fish' is discussed in a later section of this article called Fish-god tradition.
The god Dagon first appears in extant records about 2500 BCE in the Mari texts and in personal AmoriteAmorite ( Hebrew emor Egyptian Amar Akkadian Amurru (corresponding to Sumerian MAR. TU or Martu refers to a Semitic people who occupied the middle Euphrates area from the second half of the third millennium BC and also appear in the Tanakh. The People Fro names in which the gods Ilu ( ElEl is a northwest Semitic word and name translated into English as either 'god' or 'God' or left untranslated as El depending on the context. The Hebrew form appears in Latin letters in Standard Hebrew transcription as El and in Tiberian Hebrew transcript), Dagan, and AdadAdad in Akkadian and Ishkur in Sumerian are the names of the storm-god in the Babylonian- Assyrian pantheon, both usually written by the logogram dIM. The Akkadian god Adad is cognate in name and functions with northwest Semitic god Hadad''. In Akkadian A are especially common.
At EblaEbla was an ancient city located in northern Syria, about 55 km southwest of Aleppo. It was an important city-state in two periods, first in the late third millennium BC, then again between 1800 and 1650 BC. The site is known today as Tell Mardikh and is (Tell Mardikh), from at least 2300 BCE, Dagan was the head of the city pantheonPantheon ( Greek: , pan "all" + , theon "of the gods"), in one sense, is the set of all the gods of a particular religion or mythology, such as the gods of Hinduism, Greek mythology, Norse mythology. Since the 16th century the word has also been used in a comprising some 200 deities and bore the titles BE-DINGIR-DINGIR 'Lord of the gods' and Bekalam 'Lord of the land'. His consort was known only as Belatu 'Lady'. Both were worshipped in a large temple complex called E-Mul 'House of the Star'. One entire quarter of Ebla and one of its gates were named after Dagan. Dagan is called ti-lu ma-tim 'dew of the land' and Be-ka-na-na, possibly 'Lord of CanaanThis article is about the land called Canaan. For other meanings see Canaan (disambiguation). Canaan or Kna'an Standard Hebrew Knaan Tiberian Hebrew Knaan / Knan Septuagint Greek Khanaan is an ancient term for a region roughly corresponding to present-day'. He called lord of many cities: of Tuttul, Irim, Ma-Ne, Zarad, Uguash, Siwad, and Sipishu.
An interesting early reference to Dagan occurs in a letter to King Zimri-Lim of Mari, 18th century BCE written by Itur-Asduu an official in the court of Mari and governor of Nahur (the Biblical city of Nahor) (ANET, p. 623). It relates a dream of a "man from Shaka" in which Dagan appeared. In the dream Dagan blamed Zimri-Lim's failure to subude the King of the Yaminites upon Zimri-Lim's failure to bring report of his deeds to Dagan in Terqa. Dagan promises that when Zimri-Lim has done so: "I will have the kings of the Yaminites [coo]ked on a fisherman's spit, and I will lay them before you."
In Ugarit around 1300 BCE Dagon had a large temple and was listed third in the pantheon following a father-god and El, and preceding Bail Ṣapān (that is the god Haddu or Hadad/Adad). But in the Ugaritic mythological texts Dagon is mentioned solely in passing as the father of the god Hadad. According to Sanchuniathon Dagon, the brother of El/ Cronus and like him son of Sky/ Uranus and Earth, was not truly Hadad's father. Hadad was begotten by 'Sky' on a concubine before Sky was castrated by his son El whereupon the pregnant concubine was given to Dagon. Accordingly Dagon in this version is Hadad's stepfather. Otherwise Dagon has practically no surviving mythology.
Dagan is mentioned occasionally in early Sumerian texts but becomes prominent only in later Akkadian inscriptions as a powerful and warlike protector, sometimes equated with Enlil. Dagan's wife was in some sources the goddes Shala (also named as wife of Adad and sometimes identified with Ninlil). In other texts is wife is Ishara. In the preface to Hammurabi's law code, King Hammurabi calls himself: "the subduer of the settlements along the Euphrates with the help of Dagan, his creator". An inscription about an expedition of Naram-Sin to the Cedar Mountain relates (ANET, p. 268): "Naram-Sin slew Arman and Ibla with the 'weapon' of the god Dagan who aggrandizes his kindgon." The stele of Ashurnasirpal II (ANET, p. 558) refers to Ashurnasirpal as the favorite of Anu and of Dagan. In an Assyrian poem Dagan appears beside Nergal and Misharu as a judge of the dead. A late Babylonian text makes him the underworld prison warder of the seven children of the god Emmesharra.
The Phoenician inscription on the sarcophagus of King Eshmunʿazar of Sidon ( 5th century BCE) relates (ANET, p. 662): "Furthermore, the Lord of Kings gave us Dor and Joppa, the mighty lands of Dagon, which are in the Plain of Sharon, in accordance with the important deeds which I did."
Dagon is sometimes identified with Matsya, the fish avatar of Krishna. A statue in Keshava Temple , Somnathpur, India depicts this.
Dagan was sometimes used in royal names. Two kings of the Dynasty of Isin were Iddin-Dagan (c. 1974–1954 BCE) and Ishme-Dagan (c. 1953–1935 BCE). The name of the second of these kings was later used by two Assyrian kings: Ishme-Dagan I (c. 1782–1742 BCE) and Ishme-Dagan II (c. 1610–1594 BCE).
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