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Ortega was one of several leaders of the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional in its guerrilla war against Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle. After Somoza's forces were defeated in July 1979, he became a member of a five-person Junta of National Reconstruction that also included Sandinista militant Moises Hassan , novelist Sergio Ramírez Mercado , businessman Alfonso Robelo Callejas , and Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. After Robelo and Chamorro resigned from the junta, the Sandinistas under Ortega's leadership became undisputed heads of the new government and undertook a radical program for economic transformation and reconstruction of the war-torn country. Parts of the Sandinista program were inspired by the Fidel Castro's socialist system in Cuba, while other parts were modeled after social democracies in Europe.
Though much of the Sandinista platform was supported by the nation's large poor population, there were also allegations that the new government actively suppressed political dissent and violated human rights. The Nicaraguan constitution was suspended, and freedom of the press was curtailed, in response to perceived threats of political subversion threatening the new government.
Ortega's ambitious program of land redistribution was also subject to criticism, and it was alleged that Sandinista leaders used their power for personal advantage.
Shortly after coming to power the new regime lobbied extensively for arms from around the world, mainly focusing on what Ortega described as the "socialist community" which he felt would be sympathetic to the Sandinista agenda. Significant amounts of arms were in turn provided by Algeria and the Soviet Union.
In November 1984This page is about the year 1984. For other uses of 1984, see 1984 (disambiguation). 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday (link shows calendar). Events January January 1 Brunei becomes a fully independent state January 1 AT&T is broken up into 22 indepe Ortega called national elections and won the presidencyThe word Presidency is often used to describe the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. For example, in a republic with a presidential system of government, the presidency represe with 63% of the vote, taking office on January 10January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 355 days remaining (356 in leap years). Events 49 BC Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon which signaled civil war. 1072 Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo. 1776 Thomas Paine publishes, 1985. The results of the election were rejected as fraudulent by the United StatesThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in but upheld as free and fair by many other observers. Frightened by the notion of a Soviet proxy state in Latin America, the U.S. under the ReaganRonald Wilson Reagan ( February 6, 1911 June 5, 2004) was the 40th ( 1981 1989) President of the United States and the 33rd ( 1967 1975) Governor of California. Reagan was also an actor in films before entering politics. Early life and career Reagan was b administration supported anti-Sandinista ContraFor other uses of the word or name, see contra (disambiguation). The Contras ( Spanish contrarevolucionario "counter-revolutionary") were the armed opponents of Nicaragua's Sandinista government following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayl rebels operating out of HondurasHonduras is a nation of northern Central America, bordered to the west by Guatemala and El Salvador, to the south by Nicaragua and the Pacific Ocean and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras and the Caribbean Sea. The nation of Belize (formerly "British Ho and Costa RicaThe Republic of Costa Rica is a republic of Central America. Remarkably for the region, Costa Rica has stood as a bastion of stability and democracy since the minor civil war of the late 1940s that brought President Jose Figueres Ferrer to power. In fact, and, in early 1984, illegally mined Nicaragua's harbours. These actions caused much controversy in the United States, and out of these events developed the Iran-Contra Affair and the Nicaragua v. United States judgement of the International Court of Justice.
Although the Contras were never able to win militarily inside Nicaragua, by 1990 the U.S. strategy of low-intensity conflict, which combined Contra guerrilla attacks with domestic sabotage and a debilitating trade embargo, left Nicaragua economically devastated and politically polarized. In Nicaragua's 1990 elections, Ortega was defeated by a former junta member, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, who led a 14-party anti-Sandinista alliance, and was succeeded by her on April 25, 1990.
He stood for election again in October 1996 and November 2001, but lost on both occasions. His loss in the 2001 election can be attributed to a number of factors: allegations of corruption made against him in relation to the last days of his government in the 1980s, and allegations made by his stepdaughter, Zoilamérica Narváez , that he sexually abused her. He continues to lead the Sandinista party to this day, which holds 43 seats in the Nicaraguan Parliament, making it the second largest party.
| Preceded by: Interim Junta |
Presidents of Nicaragua | Succeeded by: Violeta Barrios de Chamorro |
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