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It meets tide-water at Trenton, New Jersey. Its total length, from the head of the longest branch to the capes, is 410 miles (660 km), and above the head of the bay its length is 360 miles (579 km).
It constitutes in part the boundary between Pennsylvania and New York, the boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and, for a few miles, the boundary between Delaware and New Jersey.
The main, west or Mohawk branch rises in Schoharie county, N.Y., about 1886 feet (575 m) above the sea, and flows tortuously through the plateau in a deep trough until it emerges from the Catskills. Other branches rise in Greene and Delaware counties.
In the upper portion of its course the varied scenery of its hilly and wooded banks is exquisitely beautiful. After leaving the mountains and plateau, the river flows down broad Appalachian valleys, skirts the Kittatinny range, which it crosses at the Delaware Water Gap, between nearly vertical walls of sandstone, and passes through a quiet and charming country of farm and forest, diversified with plateaus and escarpments, until it crosses the Appalachian plain and enters the hills again at Easton, Pa. From this point it is flanked at intervals by fine hills, and in places by cliffs, of which the finest are the Hockamixon Rocks, 3 miles (5 km) long and above 200 feet (60 m) high.
At Trenton there is a fall of 8 feet (2.4 m). Below Trenton the river becomes a broad, sluggish inlet of the sea, with many marshes along its side, widening steadily into its great estuary, Delaware Bay.
Its main tributaries in New York are Mongaup and Neversink riversThe Neversink River (also called Neversink Creek in its upper course) is a tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 65 mi (105 km) long, in southeastern New York in the United States. The name of the river comes from an Algonquin language phrase mea and Callicoon Creek ; from Pennsylvania, LackawaxenThe Lackawaxen River is a tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 25 mi (40 km) long, in northeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. The rivers flows through a largely rural area in the northern Pocono Mountains, draining an area of approximate, LehighThe Lehigh River is a tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 103 mi (166 km) long, in eastern Pennsylvania in the United States. The river flows in a highly winding course through valleys between ridges of the Appalachian Mountains. It lower cours, and Schuylkill riversThe Schuylkill River pronounced "skookle" ( SAMPA: /sku:k@5/), is an approximately 130 mile (209 km) long river whose watershed of around 2000 square miles (5,000 km²) lies entirely within the state of Pennsylvania. The source of its main branch is Tuscar; and from New Jersey, Rancocas CreekRancocas Creek is a tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 30 mi (48 km) long, in southwestern New Jersey in United States. It drains a rural agricultural and forested area on the eastern edge of the Pinelands north and northeast of Camden and the and MusconetcongThe Musconetcong River is a tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 44 mi (71 km) long, in northwestern New Jersey in the United States. It flows through the rural mountainous country of northwestern New Jersey and is considered one of the most uns and Maurice riversThe Maurice River is a river, approximately 50 mi (80 km) long, in southern New Jersey in the United States. Its watershed includes an extensive southern portion of the coastal forested wetlands known as the Pinelands. Its mouth on Delaware Bay is surroun. Oldmans and RaccoonRaccoon Creek (also called the Raccoon River is a tributary of the Delaware River in southern New Jersey. It rises just south of the Commodore Barry Bridge in Bridgeport, New Jersey, an area of Logan Township in Gloucester County. The entire creek is surr creeks are tributaries in New Jersey.
Commerce was once important on the upper river, but only before the beginning of railway competition ( 1857). The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal, running parallel with the river from Easton to Bristol, was opened in 1830. A canal from Trenton to New Brunswick, called the Delaware & Raritan Canal, unites the waters of the Delaware and Raritan rivers; the Morris and the Delaware and Hudson canals connect the Delaware and Hudson rivers; and the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal joins the waters of the Delaware with those of the Chesapeake Bay.
The mean tides below Philadelphia are about 6 feet. The magnitude of the commerce of Philadelphia has made the improvements of the river below that port of great importance. Small improvements were attempted by Pennsylvania as early as 1771.
In the “project of 1885“ the United States government undertook systematically the formation of a 26 ft (8 m) channel 600 ft (180 m) wide from Philadelphia to deep water in Delaware Bay. The River and Harbor Act of 1899 provided for a 30 foot (9 m) channel 600 feet (180 m) wide from Philadelphia to the deep water of the bay.
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopędia Britannica. 1911 Britannica
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