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Antarctica has no indigenous inhabitants, but there are seasonally staffed research stations. Approximately 29 nations, all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, send personnel to perform seasonal (summer) and year-round research on the continent and in its surrounding oceans; the population of persons doing and supporting science on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty) varies from approximately 4,000 in summer to 1,000 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research are present in the waters of the treaty region.

At least three children have been born in Antarctica. The first was Emilio Marcos Palma, born January 7, 1978 to Argentine parents on the Argentine Base Esperanza, near the tip of the Antarctic peninsula. In 1986, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva Base, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Soon after a girl, Gisella, was born at the same station.

Nation	Summer (January) population 3,687 total (1998-9)	Winter (July) population 964 total (1998-9)	Year-round Stations 42 total (1998-9)	Summer-only Stations 32 total (1998-9)
Argentina	302	165	6	3
Australia	201	75	4	4
Belgium	13	-	-	-
Brazil	80	12	1	-
Bulgaria	16	-	-	1
Chile	352	129	4	7
China	70	33	2	-
Finland	11	-	1	-
France	100	33	1	-
Germany	51	9	1	1
India	60	25	1	1
Italy	106	-	1	-
JapanJapan (, Nippon/Nihon literally "the origin of the sun") is a country in East Asia situated on a chain of islands east of the Asian continent on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean. The largest of these islands are, from north to south, Hokkaido , Honsh	136	40	1	3
South KoreaThe Republic of Korea (ROK; Korean: Daehan Minguk ( Hangul: ; Hanja: )), commonly known as South Korea is a country in East Asia, covering the southern half of the Korean peninsula. To the north, the Republic of Korea borders North Korea, with which it fo	14	14	1	-
NetherlandsDutch redirects here. For other uses, see Dutch (disambiguation). The Netherlands ( Dutch: Nederland is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, a constitutional monarchy. It is located in northwestern Europe and borders the North Sea, Belgium	10	-	-	-
New ZealandFor alternative meanings, see New Zealand (disambiguation). New Zealand is a country formed of two major islands and a number of smaller islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. A common Mori name for New Zealand is Aotearoa popularly translated as Land	60	10	1	1
NorwayThe Kingdom of Norway is a Nordic country west of Sweden on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It has a very elongated form and has an extensive coastline along the North Atlantic Ocean, where Norway's famous fjords are found. In addition to Sweden, it borders R	40	-	1	-
PeruFor other uses, see Peru (disambiguation The Republic of Per ( Spanish: Per Quechua, Aymara: Piruw is a country in western South America, bordering with Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chil	28	-	-	1
PolandThe Republic of Poland a country in Central Europe, lies between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) t	70	20	1	-
Russia	254	102	6	3
South Africa	80	10	1	-
Spain	43	-	1	-
Sweden	20	-	-	2
Ukraine			1	-
UK	192	39	2	5
US	1,378	248	3	-
Uruguay			1	-

In addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research (July 2000 est.)

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