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Dessau was first mentioned in 1213. It became an important centre in 1570, when the principality of Anhalt was founded. Dessau became the capital of this state within the Holy Roman Empire. Anhalt was dissolved in 1603, but Dessau remained a prospering town, now being the capital of the mini state of Anhalt-Dessau. When Anhalt was reunified in 1863, Dessau became the capital again and remained so until 1918.
Dessau is famous for its college of architecture Bauhaus. It moved here in 1926 after it had been forced to close in Weimar. Many famous artists were lecturers in Dessau in the following years, among them Walter GropiusWalter Adolph Gropius ( May 18, 1883 July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of Bauhaus. Born in Berlin, Walter Gropius was the third son of a building advisor to the government with the same name, and Manon Auguste Pauline Scharnweber ( 1855- 19, Paul KleePaul Klee ( December 18, 1879 June 29, 1940) was a Switzerland-born painter. Klee was born in Munchenbuchsee, near Bern, Switzerland, into a musical family his father, Hans Klee, taught music at the Hofwil Teacher Seminar near Berne. In his early years, P and Wassily KandinskyWassily Kandinsky (first name sometimes spelled as "Vasily," "Vassily" or "Vasilii) ( December 16, 1866 December 13, 1944) was a painter and art theorist. He was born in Moscow but spent his childhood in Odesa. He enrolled at the University of Moscow and. In 19321932 is the leap year starting on Friday. see link for calendar) Events January-February January 3 British arrest and intern Mohandas Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel January 8 In Britain the Archbishop of Canterbury forbids church remarriage of divorcees Jan the Nazis forced the closure of the Bauhaus. (It was reopened in 19861986 is a common year starting on Wednesday. Events January January 1 Spain and Portugal enter the European Community January 1 Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles. January 9 After losing a pa.)
Due to an armaments factory of the LuftwaffeThe Luftwaffe (literally, "air weapon", prounounced looft-vaaf-fa) is the air force of Germany. World War I Founded during World War I with the emergence of military aircraft, the Luftwaffe utilized a wide variety of aircraft. After the war ended, it was (German Air Force) the city was almost completely destroyed by Allied air raids in World War IIWorld War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the world's nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. The war was fough. Afterwards it was rebuilt with typical GDR concrete slab architecture and became a major industrial centre of East Germany.
After the German reunification in 1990 many historic buildings have been restored.
The composer Kurt Weill was born in Dessau. There is an annual Kurt Weill Festival held in Dessau (since 1993).
There are several examples of Bauhaus architecture in Dessau, some of them included in the UNESCO World Heritage. The Bauhaus College itself was constructed after drafts by Walter Gropius.
Another World Heritage Site is the Dessau-Wörlitzer Gartenreich ("Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm"), a huge garden complex commissioned by prince Leopold III of Anhalt-Dessau about 1750. It is strongly influenced by traditional English gardening. Being 25 km in width it is the largest garden of this type in continental Europe. The gardens are bounded by the Elbe river in the north.
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