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| Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
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Magnolia flower | ||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||
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Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. Flowering plants or angiosperms that are not dicotyledonous are monocotyledonous: having one embryonic leaf. See How to distinguish a monocot from a dicot for other characteristics that separate these two large groups of flowering plants.
It is believed that monocots evolved from dicots, and as such the latter form a paraphyletic group, i.e. they include some forms that are as closely related to monocots as they are to the other dicots. The vast majority, however, form a monophyletic group, called the eudicots or tricolpates. These may be distinguished from all other flowering plants by the structure of their pollen. Basal dicots and monocots have monosulcate pollen, or forms derived from it, whereas eudicots have tricolpate pollen, or derived forms.
Traditionally the dicots have been treated as a class, originally called the Dicotyledoneae, but more recently called class Magnoliopsida after the type genus Magnolia. In some schemes, the eudicots are treated as a separate class Rosopsida (type genus Rosa), or as several separate classes. The remaining dicots may be kept in a single paraphyletic class Magnoliopsida, or further divided. The classification of dicots has undergone considerable revision as our understanding of their relationships has changed, and is still not entirely settled, though a general consensus is emerging.
The following lists are of the orders typical of new classification systems and those under the older Cronquist systemThe Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or angiosperms). This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) and The Evolution and Classification, which is still in wide use.
| Orders typical of newer systems | Cronquist systemThe Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or angiosperms). This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) and The Evolution and Classification |
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Basal dicots ( palaeodicotsPalaeodicotyledons Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class Magnoliopsida sensu stricto Orders Amborellales Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Chloranthales Magnoliids Magnoliales Laurales Piperales (incl. Arist)
Magnoliid basal dicots ( Magnoliidae )
Basal eudicots
Basal rosids Eurosids I Eurosids II Basal asterids Euasterids I
Euasterids II |
Magnoliidae (mostly basal dicots)
Hamamelidae
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