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In feudal societies, the dominant ideology took religious forms, such as Christianity, making sense of nature and society by means of traditional teachings, established authority and faith.
In capitalist societies, the dominant ideology takes a secular form, founded on property rights, but extending to rights in general, and other iterationIteration is the repetition of a process, typically within a computer program. Confusingly, it can be used both as a general term, synonymous with repetition, and to describe a specific form of repetition with mutable state. When used in the first sense,s of a fundamental individualismIndividualism in general, is a term used to describe a theoretical or practical emphasis of the individual, as opposed to, and possibly at the expense of, the group. It is thus directly opposed to collectivism. From a social standpoint, individualism is g. It can also extend to include representative democracyRepresentative democracy comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein voters choose (in free, secret, multi-party elections) representatives to act in their interests, but not as their proxies—i. not necessarily as directed but with enough a.
The dominant ideology is understood by Marxism to reflect or serve the interestIn finance, interest has three general definitions. Interest is a surcharge on the repayment of debt (borrowed money). Interest is the return derived from an investment. Interest is the right to claim in a corporation such as that of an owner or creditor.s of the dominant classThe term class , when used by itself, has several meanings in English. In sociology and economics, see social class . In computer science: concerning class es in the object-oriented implementation of computer applications, see class (computer science). in that society - if the dominant ideology conflicted with the legitimacyThe word legitimacy comes from the Latin word legitimare and it has two uses: Legitimacy (political science) is whether or not people accept the validity of a law or ruling or the validity of a governing regime. This concept has also been applied to other of the dominant class's rule, then society would have to be in a state of war with itself, with the dominant class appearing as an illegitimate occupation force . This theory is summarized in the slogan: The dominant ideology is the ideology of the dominant class.
One way to understand marxist revolutionary praxis is that it seeks to achieve just that situation of social unrest in which the ruling class is seen as illegitimate - a necessary precursor to achieving the aim of overthrowing the dominant class of capitalism, the bourgeoisie. The ideology of the working class has to achieve dominance, in order for the working class to become the dominant class.
There are two distinct, rival models offered by Marxists to characterize the operations of the dominant ideology. A crude summary of both models follows:
In the first model, ideology is constructed in a more or less deliberate fashion by bourgeois or petit-bourgeois intellectuals. Since the bourgeoisie owns the media, it can select which ideas are represented there, and selects just those ideas which serve its own interests.
The working class is overwhelmed by the barrage of bourgeois ideas, since it owns no media of its own, and perhaps because it lacks intellectuals of its own. It adopts a bourgeois outlook on its own exploitation (sometimes termed false consciousness) and loses its political independence as a class.
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