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| Drosophila
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Male Drosophila melanogaster | ||||||||||||
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Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila subobscura |
Drosophila ( Greek δρόσος, drósos, " dew", + φιλα phila, "loving") is a genus of fruit fly; however, members of Drosophila are more appropriately termed vinegar flies, wine flies, pomace flies, grape flies, and picked fruit-flies. One species in particular, Drosophila melanogaster, has been heavily used in research in genetics and is a common model organism in developmental biology.
Drosophila is part of the phylum Arthropoda, a phylum of segmented animals with paired, jointed appendages and a hard exoskeleton made of chitinIn biology, chitin is one of the main components in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeleton of insects and other arthropods, and in some other animals. It is a polysaccharide, made out of units of acetylglucosamine (more completely, N-acetyl-D-glucos-2-a. They have an open circulatory system with a dorsal heart, hemocoel occupies most of the body cavity, and coelom is reduced.
Drosophila (also known as vinegar flies) are striped in "yellow and dark gray with red eyes, and are probably familiar to everyone. They appear on over-ripe fruit in kitchens, they swarm in thousands about the residue produced by the pressing of grapes or apples for wine. They nibble on marmalade and other preserves, and wherever vinegar is standing open, they are there." (Pomance Flies, 1969)
Typically Drosophila are an orange-brown color and range from about 1/8 to 1/6 inches in length. Most species have red eyes. The adults are "yellowish, with dark crossbands on abdomen; the feathered arista is characteristic of the family. A female lays up to 2000 pearly white eggs, each with a pair of "wings" or repiratory "horns" near the anterior end; the eggs of all known Drosophila have one or more of these horns, the tips of which extend above the surface of the moist media in which the eggs develop." (Swan, 1972)
Sometimes called the wine fly or vinegar fly, the Drosophila is found primarily in tropical regions. "The fruit fly, is a cosmopolitan holometabolous insect, that is found in all warm countries, while in cooler regions, it is established by migrants during the summer or can over winter in warm places." (Weigmann, 2003) These flies are "found in all warm countries in abundance of overripe soft fruits like grapes, bananas and plums. Adult flies as well as larvae feed on the fruit juices and the yeast growing on rotting fruit." (Weigmann, 2003). Most eggs live inside of the fruit along the peel of the fruit. "Some feed on other decaying organic matter or on plant exudations; a few are leaf miners, parasites, or predators." (Swan, 1972)
The insect respired by means of air-filled internal tubes, the tracheaThe trachea ( IPA tr'eik-i-a), or windpipe is a tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi in mammals, and from the pharynx to the syrinx in birds, carrying air to the lungs. It is lined with ciliated cells which push particles out and reinforced withe. This ectodermThe ectoderm is outermost of the three germ layers of the developing embryo, the other two being the mesoderm and the endoderm. Together, the three layers are called the primary germ layers, since they originate all organs in the body. The ectoderm forms-derived organ forms a highly branched tubular network which provides the organs with oxygen.
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