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Browder was born in Wichita, Kansas. He joined the Socialist Party of America at the age of 15. During World War I he gave speeches urging the United States not to join the war, calling the conflict an imperialist conflict. When the US joined the war in 1917, Browder and other Socialilst Party leader were arrested and charged under the Espionage Act for opposing conscription. Browder was imprisoned but continued to campaign against the war after his release resulting in his second imprisonment in 1919.
The left wing of the Socialist Party split to form the Communist Party of America and the Communist Labor PartySee also the League of Revolutionaries for a New America, formerly known as the Communist Labor Party. The Communist Labor Party together with the Communist Party of America was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party USA. It was formed August 31,. The two parties fused in 1921 and Browder joined the unified party in 1921 becoming managing editor of the party newspaper, Labor Herald. Browder became general secretarythe term General Secretary (alternatively First Secretary denotes a leader of various unions, parties or associations. The most notable usages are the following. The official title of the de-facto leader of the Soviet Union was the General Secretary of th of the party in 1930 and took over the top position of party chairman in 1932 after William Z. FosterWilliam Zebulon Foster ( February 25 1891- September 1 1961), known as William Z. Foster was the long time general secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. Foster was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. His family moved to Philadelphia. suffered a heart attackplaque builds up in the walls of blood vessels. Acute myocardial infarction AMI or MI , commonly known as heart attack is a serious, sudden heart condition characterized by varying degrees of chest pain, weakness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting, sometimes.
Foster was the party's candidate for President of the United StatesThe President of the United States is the head of state of the United States. Under the U. Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander in chief of the armed forces. Because of the superpower status of th in the 1936 presidential electionPresidential CandidateElectoral Vote Popular Vote Pct Party Running Mate(Electoral Votes) Franklin Delano Roosevelt of New York (W) 523 27,751,597 60. 8% Democratic John Nance Garner of Texas (523) Alfred Mossman Landon of Kansas 8 16,679,583 36. 6% Repub but won only 80,195 votes. He tried to run for President in the 1940 presidential electionPresidential CandidateElectoral Vote Popular Vote Pct Party Running Mate(Electoral Votes) Franklin Delano Roosevelt of New York (W) 449 27,244,160 54. 8 Democrat Henry Agard Wallace of Iowa (449) Wendell Lewis Wilkie of New York 82 22,305,198 44. 8 Republ but was forbidden by a court order from travelling around the country and won only 46, 251 votes.
Browder was sentenced to prsion in 1940, ostensibly due to passport violations, but was relased after 14 months when the US joined World War II and became an ally of the Soviet Union. Browder embraced the popular front tactic and led the CPUSA's enthusiastic support for Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
In 1944, Browder declared that communism and capitalism could peacefully co-exist. The Communist Party reconstituted itself as the Communist Political Association and entered the Democratic Party as a left wing faction. With the end of the Great Power alliance at the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, "Browderism" came under attack from the rest of the international Communist movement. In 1945, Jacques Duclos , a leader of the French Communist Party publshed an article denouncing Browder's policy. With the Comintern having been dissolved during the war, the "Duclos letter" was used to informally communicate Moscow's views. William Z. Foster, Browder's predecessor and a staunch Stalinist, led the opposition to Browder within the party and replaced him as party chairman in 1945, with Eugene Dennis taking over as general secretary. Browder was expelled from the party in 1946.
Browder continued to campaign for his views outside the party and criticized the CPUSA's domination by Moscow, writing that "The American Communists had thrived as champions of domestic reform. But when the Communists abandoned reforms and championed a Soviet Union openly contemptuous of America while predicting its quick collapse, the same party lost all its hard-won influence. It became merely a bad word in the American language."
In April 1950, Browder was called to testify before a Senate Committee investigating Communist activity. Questioned by Joseph McCarthy, Browder was willing to criticize the American Communist Party but refused to answer questions that would incriminate former comrades. Charged with contempt of Congress, Judge F. Dickinson Letts ordered his acquittal because he felt the committee had not acted legally.
Browder's final public appearance was in a debate with Max Shachtman, the dissident Trotskyist, in which the pair debated socialism. Browder defended the Soviet Union and Stalinism while Shachtman acted as a prosecutor. It is reported that at one point in the debate Shachtman listed a series of leaders of various Communist Parties and noted that each had perished at the hands of Stalin; at the end of this piece of theatre, he remarked that Browder too had been a leader of a Communist Party and, pointing at him, announced: "There but for an accident of history stands a dead man".
An attempt to reinstate Browder in the CPUSA following the Twentieth Party Congress and the move to destalinization failed and he remained outside of the party until his death in Princeton, New Jersey in 1973.
Browder, Earl Browder, Earl Browder, Earl| Politics | Business | Finance |
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