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Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility and, as such, there are many variations between the provinces. However, there are some constants. Education from Grade 1 (age 6) to Grade 12 (age 17) is free and all children are obligated to attend school until the age of 16. While about one out of ten Canadians do not have any high school education and only one in seven have a university degree, this is changing rapidly, partly due to changes in the labour market that require people to have a high school diploma and, in many cases, a university degree.
Canada spends about 7% of its GDP on education. One intervention by the federal government in the Canadian education system is in the matter of bilingualism. Since the Prime Ministership of Pierre Trudeau, education in both English and French has been available across Canada.
Originally all the provinces had educational systems divided by religion, but most provinces have abolished these. Ontario, Alberta, and certain cities in Saskatchewan are the exception to this, as they still maintain publicly funded Catholic school boards. In Quebec, the Catholic/Protestant divide was replaced with a French/English one in the 1990s. Quebeckers must attend a French school up until CEGEP unless someone in their family previously attended an English-language school; even immigrants are not exempted from this law.
Most Canadian education systems continue up to Grade 12 (age 17).
In Canada, secondary schooling, known as high school or secondary school, differs depending on what province one resides in. Typically, Canada's secondary school system follows the American pattern with some variations.
Until 20022002 is a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). 2002 was the first palindromic year since 1991 and the last until 2112. 2002 was also designated: International Year of Ecotourism and Mountains National Science Year in the United Kingdom, Ontario had a "Grade 13" known as Ontario Academic CreditThe Ontario Academic Credit usually referred to as OAC or Grade 13 was, until 2003, the final year of high school in Ontario, Canada. Students were not required to complete that year in order to receive the Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD); many st (OAC), but this was recently abolished by the provincial government to cut costs. Secondary education in Quebec continues to Grade 11 (Secondary V), and is typically followed by CEGEP, a two or three year college program taken after high school. Pre-university CEGEP programs are two years in Quebec (university for Quebeckers is three years), and vocational or professional programs are three years in duration (see Education in Quebec).
The main variation between the provinces, with respect to universities, is the amount of funding they receive. Universities in Quebec and British ColumbiaBritish Columbia or simply B. French: la Colombie-Britannique is the westernmost of Canada's provinces. It was the sixth province to join the confederation of Canada (in 1871). As of 2004, the population was 4,168,123 British Columbians . Geography Its ca receive the most funding and have the lowest tuitions. Universities in the MaritimesThe Maritimes or Maritime provinces are a region of Canada on the Atlantic coast, consisting of the three provinces New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The Maritimes are located northeast of New England, southeast of Quebec's Gaspe penins generally receive the least funding and some, like Acadia UniversityAcadia University is a university located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada. It began as Horton Academy ( 1828), which was founded by Baptists from Nova Scotia. The two major Universities of the day in Nova Scotia, were heavily controlled by Denominationa, are almost wholly reliant on private funding. When Ontario had five years of high school, a three-year Bachelor's degreeA bachelor's degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course that generally lasts three or four years. Note that some postgraduate degrees are entitled Bachelor of. the University of Oxford Bachelor of Civil Law. Honours degrees In was common, but these degrees are being phased out in favour of the four-year degree (known as an Honours degree).
Bachelor's degrees in Quebec are typically three-year programs, as the two-year CEGEP pre-university program covers most first-year requirements at a traditional university. (In some cases, such as education and engineering, they are four-year programs.) CEGEP graduates who go on to universities outside of Quebec are sometimes able to receive up to one year of credit from a four-year undergraduate program. On the other hand, students who graduate from a four-year high school system (Grade 12) and undertake their studies at a Quebec university must complete a "Freshman" program before continuing on to the Bachelor's program.
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