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Home > Electronic musical instrument

All electric and electronic musical instruments can be viewed as a subset of audio signal processing applications. Simple electronic musical instruments are sometimes called sound effects; the border between sound effects and actual musical instruments is often hazy.

French composer and engineer Edgar Varèse created a variety of compositions using electronic horns, whistles, and tape. Most notably, he wrote Poem Electronique for the Phillips pavilion at the Brussels World Fair in 1951.

Electronic musical instruments are now widely used in most styles of music.

1 Early electronic musical instruments

In the broadest sense, the very first electrified musical instrument was the Denis d´or dating from 1753. It was followed by the Clavecin électrique by the Frenchman Jean-Baptiste de Laborde in 1761.

The first musical instrument was the Dynamophone , built by Thaddeus CahillThaddeus Cahill (1867 1934) was a prominent inventor of the early 20th century. He is widely credited for inventing the first electronic musical instrument, which he dubbed the teleharmonium. Cahill had tremendous ambitions for his invention; he wanted te in 1906Events January 8 Landslide in Haverstraw, New York kills 20 January 31 Earthquake in Ecuador (8. 6 in Richter scale) February 11 Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer nos''. February 15 Representatives of the Labour Representation Committee in t. Employing electric generators to produce tones, it had a length of 60ft and a weight of 200 tons; because of a lack of suitable loudspeakers at that time, the music was distributed over the telephone network.

One of the many instruments constructed in the following decades was the ThereminLeon Theremin playing an early Theremin The Thereminvox or Theremin is one of the earliest fully electronic musical instruments. Invented in 1919 by Russian Lev Sergeivitch Termen (later gallicized to Leon Theremin), the Thereminvox was an offshoot of gov, invented by Leon Theremin in 1917, which used a vacuum tube oscillator to make sounds that depended on the interactions of the user with an RF field. This was followed in 1928 by the Ondes MartenotThe Ondes Martenot (or Ondes-Martenot or Ondes martenot or Ondium Martenot or Martenot or ondes musicale is an early electronic musical instrument with a keyboard and slide invented in 1928 by Maurice Martenot, and originally very similar in sound to the which had a keyboard as well as several auxiliary controllers.

The sound of the Ondes Martenot is used extensively in the Turangalîla SymphonyThe Turangalila Symphony is a large-scale piece of orchestral music by Olivier Messiaen. One of several works by Messiaen to feature the Ondes Martenot, it is in ten movements and was premiered in 1949. Messiaen stated that the title of the piece derived by Olivier MessiaenOlivier Messiaen ( December 10, 1908 April 27, 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist. Messiaen was born in Avignon into a literary family: his mother was the poet Cecile Sauvage, while his father was a translator who worked on an editio. However, these were not true synthesizers in the modern sense, as they were not configurable to produce a range of complex sounds by additive or subtractive synthesis, instead generating single pure tones with controllable pitch, amplitudeAmplitude is a nonnegative scalar measure of a wave's magnitude of oscillation. In the following diagram, the distance y is the amplitude of the wave. Sometimes that distance is called the "peak amplitude", distinguishing it from another concept of amplit and vibrato.

Ca. 1929 Friedrich Trautwein invented the Trautonium in Berlin. It was played with a resistorwire which has to be pressed against a metal plate. Oskar Sala was one of the first players and continue developement till his death in 2002. Paul Hindemith wrote some compositions for it.

These early electronic instruments produced only pure tones and were frequently used to make avant garde music. In April 1935, Laurens Hammond introduced the Hammond tonewheel organ, which generated complex tones using an electro-mechanical principle derived from the design of the Telharmonium. Later Hammonds used the Leslie speaker to achieve special modulation effects, and the resulting Hammond organ sound is still regarded as the benchmark for the "electric organ" sound. This sound can be simulated by many modern synthesizers and digital samplers.

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