Home > Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle is a particle of which other, larger particles are composed. For example, atoms are made up of smaller particles known as electrons, protons, and neutrons. The proton and neutron, in turn, are composed of more elementary particles known as quarks. One of the outstanding problems of particle physics is to find the most elementary particles - or the so-called fundamental particles - which make up all the other particles found in Nature, and are not themselves made up of smaller particles.1 Standard Model
The Standard Model of particle physics contains 12 species of elementary fermions (" matter particles") and 12 species of elementary bosons (" radiation particles"), plus their corresponding antiparticles and the still undiscovered Higgs boson. However, the Standard Model is widely considered to be a provisional theory rather than a truly fundamental one, since it is fundamentally incompatible with Einstein's general relativity. There are likely other elementary particles not described by the Standard Model, such as the graviton, the particle that would carry the gravitational forceThis article covers the physics of gravitation. See also gravity (disambiguation). Gravitation is the tendency of masses to move toward each other. The first mathematical formulation of the theory of gravitation was made by Sir Isaac Newton and proved ast or the sparticleTheoretical physics Sparticle is a merging of the words supersymmetric particle''. Supersymmetry, one of the cutting-edge theories in current high-energy physics, predicts the existence of these "shadow" particles. According to the theory, when the more fs, supersymmetricIn particle physics, supersymmetry is a symmetry that relates bosons and fermions. In supersymmetric theories, every fundamental fermion has a superpartner which is a boson and vice versa. Although supersymmetry has yet to be observed in the real world it partners of the ordinary particles.
1.1 The 12 fundamental
The 12 fundamental fermionic particles are divided into three families of four particles each. Six of the particles are quarks. The remaining six are leptons, three of which are neutrinoThe neutrino is an elementary particle. It has spin 1/2 and so it is a fermion. Its mass is very small, although recent experiments (see Super-Kamiokande) have shown it to be above zero. It feels neither the strong nor the electromagnetic force, so it onls, and the remaining three of which have an electric charge of -1: the electron and its two cousins, the muonIn the Standard Model of particle physics, a muon is a semistable fundamental particle with negative electric charge and a spin of 1/2. Together with the electron, the tauon and the neutrinos, it is classified as part of the lepton family of fermions. and the tauonThe tauon (or tau lepton is a negatively charged elementary particle with a lifetime of 3x10-13 s and a high mass of 1777 MeV (compared to 939 MeV for protons and 0. 511 MeV for electrons). It has an associated antiparticle and neutrino. The antiparticle.
| Particle Generations |
| First family
|
|
Second family
|
|
Third family
|
