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An elevator is a transportation device used to move goods or people vertically. In British English and other Commonwealth Englishes, elevators are known more commonly as lifts, although the word elevator is familiar from American movies and television shows.

See also Elevator (disambiguation) for other meanings of the word.

1 History

Elevators began as simple rope or chain hoists. An elevator is a hoist contained within an elevator well. An elevator consists of a cab (also "cage" or "car") or platform, the ropes or cables required to raise and lower it using pulleys, and machinery to move the rope. Later refinements included steam power and hydraulic power.

In 1853, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke, and on March 23, 1857 his first elevator was installed at 488 Broadway in New York City. The first elevator shaft preceded the first elevator by four years. Construction for Peter CooperPeter Cooper ( February 12, 1791 April 4, 1883 ) was an American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist. He was born in New York City, the son of Dutch descendents. He had little formal schooling and worked in the family trade of hatmaking. He then wo's Cooper UnionThe Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art is a private college notable for being almost the only college in the United States to offer a full-tuition scholarship to all its students without any expectations in return. Currently, The Cooper U building in New YorkThis article documents the history of New York City part of present day New York State. For the history of the State of New York, see the article History of New York. Prehistoric era About 75,000 years ago, during the last ice age, the area of present day began in 1853. An elevator shaft was included in the design for Cooper Union, because Cooper was utterly confident a safe passenger elevator would soon be invented: the shaft however was circular because Cooper felt it was the most efficient design. Later Otis designed a special elevator for the school. Today the Otis Elevator CompanyThe Otis Elevator Company is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transportation systems, principally elevators and escalators. Founded in Yonkers, New York in the United States in 1853 by Elisha Otis, the company pioneered the development of the, now a subsidiary of United Technologies CorporationUnited Technologies Corporation (UTC is a major multinational corporation based in Hartford, Connecticut. George David is the CEO. Main businesses Pratt & Whitney World No. 3 aircraft engine manufacturer CarrierWorld leader in heating, ventilation, air-co, is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transportation systems.

The first electric elevator was built by Werner von Siemens in 1880Events January 1 Construction of the Panama Canal begins February 2 The first electric streetlight is installed in Wabash, Indiana February 13 Thomas Edison becomes the second person to observe the Edison Effect. February 17 Bomb explodes in Winter Palace. The safety and speed of electric elevators were significantly enhanced by Frank Sprague.

The development of elevators allowed easy access to the upper storeys of tall buildings and skyscrapers.

In some locations, the shaft and parts of the cab are made of transparent material. This allows riders to see outside the cab as they travel on an elevator. It allows people to watch the elevator cab as it travels between floors. Other locations have elevators that are located along the outside wall of buildings. This allows riders to see the outdoor environment as the cab runs along the side of the buildings.

Today, most elevators are computer-controlled. This allows the elevator system to place cabs where they are most needed, and allow for the smooth running of the system. It also permits greater access control to various floors of a building after hours and on weekends. Methods of access control include card readers, keys, and typing access codes into the control panel of the elevator.

Elevators are usually installed in a building during construction. Further renovations upgrade the cab instead of replacing it, but in a few cases the entire cab is replaced as well.

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