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Embalming has been practiced in many cultures. In classical antiquity, perhaps the Old World culture that had developed embalming to the greatest extent was that of ancient Egypt, who developed the process of mummification. They believed that preservation of the mummy empowered the soul after death, which would return to the preserved corpse.
Other cultures that had developed embalming processes include the Incas and other cultures of Peru, whose climate also favoured a form of mummification.
Embalming in Europe had a much more sporadic existence. It was attempted from time to time, especially during the Crusades, when crusading noblemen wished to have their bodies preserved for burial closer to home.
Contemporary embalming methods advanced markedly during the American Civil War, which once again involved many servicemen dying far from home, and their families wishing them returned for local burial. Dr. Thomas N. Holmes received a commission from the Army Medical Corps to embalm the corpses of dead Union servicemen to return to their families. Military authorities also permitted private embalmers to work in military-controlled areas.
In 1867, the GermanThe Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland is one of the world's leading industrialized countries, located in the middle of the European Union. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark and the Baltic Sea, to the east chemist August Wilhelm von Hofman discovered formaldehydeProperties General Name Formaldehyde The center of this image represents a carbon atom. Chemical formula H C O Formula weight 30. 03 amu Synonyms methanal methyl aldehyde, methylene oxide CAS number 50-00-0 Phase behavior Melting point 156. 9 °C) Boiling, whose preservative properties were soon discovered and which became the foundation for modern methods of embalming.
At one time, arsenicArsenic is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. This is a notorious poisonous metalloid that has three allotropic forms; yellow, black and grey. Arsenic and its compounds are used as pesticides, herbicides was used as an embalming fluid. However, arsenic has not been used as such for many years. There are concerns about the possibility of arsenic from embalmed bodies later contanminating ground water supplies.
Embalming as practiced in the funeral homeA funeral home is a place where a funeral is arranged. It is a place where the deceased are prepared for funeral services, and the family gathers for the funeral. Funeral Homes A funeral home is a facility that provides a number of functions dealing withs of the United States of AmericaThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in uses several steps.
Any clothingSee also List of types of clothing Introduction Humans often wear articles of clothing (also known as dress garments or attire on the body (for the alternative, see nudity). In its broadest sense, clothing includes coverings for the trunk and limbs as wel on the corpse is removed and set aside; jewelry, also, is inventoried. The corpse is then washed in disinfecting and germicidal solutions, shaved, and groomed. The embalmer bends, flexes and massages the arms and legs to relieve rigor mortis. The eyeThis article refers to the sight organ. See Eye (disambiguation) for other usages. human eye. Note that not all eyes have the same anatomy as a human eye. An eye is an organ that detects light. Different kinds of light-sensitive organ are found in a varies are closed and kept closed with an eyecap that keeps them shut and in the proper expression. The mouth may be sewn shut, and a device is also employed to allow the embalmer to set the facial expression of the corpse.
External body cavities are packed with cotton soaked in cavity fluid or autopsy gel. A large plastic screw may also be threaded in place in the anus and vagina to ensure a proper seal. The corpse is dressed in tight-fitting plastic clothing to control leakage of any bodily fluids.
The actual embalming process usually involves four parts:
Embalming chemicals vary in their composition, but most are based on formaldehyde and methanol (wood alcohol).
Cosmetics are then applied to the corpse to make it appear more living and create a "memory picture" for the decedent's friends and relatives. An oily foundation is placed on the visible areas of the skin, and theatrical or mortuary cosmetics are placed on the corpse. A photograph of the dead person in good health is often sought, in order to guide the embalmer's hand in restoring the corpse to a more lifelike appearance. Blemishes and discolorations occasioned by the last illness, the settling of blood, or the embalming process itself are also dealt with at this time. Various funeral homes have different practices as to whether the corpse will be clothed during the time of application of the cosmetics, or whether the cosmetics will be applied first and the corpse clothed afterwards.
After the corpse has been dressed, it is placed in the coffin for the various funeral rites.
In the Netherlands embalming is not allowed except in the case of international transport of the corpse and in the case of members of the royal family, who choose individually for or against it.
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