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Home > Endocrine system

Signal transduction of some hormones with steroid structure involves nuclear hormone receptor proteins that are a class of ligand activated proteins that, when bound to specific sequences of DNA serve as on-off switches for transcription within the cell nucleus. These switches control the development and differentiation of skin, bone and behavioral centers in the brain, as well as the continual regulation of reproductive tissues.

Diseases of the endocrine system are common, such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. The field of medicine that deals with disorders of endocrine glands is endocrinology, a branch of the wider field of internal medicine.

1 Table of endocrine glands and the hormones secreted

1.1 In both sexes:

(starting from the head and going downwards)

• hypothalamus
  • thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
  • gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
  • somatostatinSomatostatin is a hormone. Precisely it is mixture of two peptides, one built of 14 amino acids, the other of 28. Somatostatin is secreted not only by cells of the hypothalamus but also by so called delta cells of stomach, intestine and pancreas. It binds
  • dopamineDopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain. As a member of the catecholamine family, dopamine is a precursor to epinephrine ( adrenaline) and norepinephrine ( noradrenaline) in the biosynthetic pathways for these neurotransmitters. Dopamine is synthesize

• pituitary glandskull, the pituitary gland is protected by a bony structure called the sella turcica. The pituitary gland or hypophysis is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea that sits in the small, bony cavity ( sella turcica) at the base of the brain. It is conn
  • anterior lobe ( adenohypophysis)
    • GH ( human growth hormoneFor physiology of human growth hormone, see growth hormone. For deficiency diseases, see growth hormone deficiency. For diseases of GH excess, see acromegaly and gigantism. For GH treatment, see growth hormone treatment. For "HGH" products, black market u)
    • PRL ( prolactinProlactin is a hormone secreted by lactotropes in the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland), which is made up of 199 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 23,000 daltons. Prolactin has many effects, the most profound of which are to stimulate)
    • ACTH ( adrenocorticotropic hormoneAdrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH or corticotropin is a polypeptide hormone secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. ACTH stimulates the corte)
    • TSH ( thyroid-stimulating hormoneThyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as TSH or thyrotropin is a hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. Physiology The hypothalamus produces thyrotropin-releasing)
    • FSH ( follicle-stimulating hormone)
    • LH ( luteinizing hormone)
  • posterior lobe ( neurohypophysis)
    • oxytocin
    • ADH ( antidiuretic hormone)

• pineal gland
  • melatonin

• thyroid gland ( thyroid hormones is a good writeup)
  • thyroxine (T4)
  • triiodothyronine (T3)
  • calcitonin

• parathyroid glands
  • parathyroid hormone (PTH)

• heart
  • atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP)

• stomach and intestines
  • gastrin
  • secretin
  • cholecystokinin (CCK)
  • somatostatin
  • neuropeptide Y

• liver
  • insulin-like growth factor
  • angiotensinogen
  • thrombopoietin

• islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
  • insulin
  • glucagon
  • somatostatin

• adrenal glands
  • adrenal cortex
    • glucocorticoids - cortisol
    • mineralocorticoids - aldosterone
    • androgens (including testosterone)
  • adrenal medulla
    • adrenaline ( epinephrine)
    • noradrenaline ( norepinephrine)

• kidney
  • renin
  • erythropoietin ( EPO)
  • calcitriol

• skin
  • calciferol ( vitamin D₃)

• adipose tissue
  • leptin

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Topics: Endocrine System Hormone Glands *** Hormones Growth Thyroid...

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Endocrine systemThe endocrine system is a control system of ductless endocrine glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones that circulate within the body via the bloodstream to affect distant organs. It does not include exocrine glands such as salivary glands Endocrine glandAn endocrine gland is one of a set of internal organs involved in the secretion of hormones into the blood. The other major type of gland is the exocrine glands, which secrete substances—usually digestive juices—into the digestive tract or onto the skin. Endocrine sytemThere are a number of organs in the body which are largely if not entirely devoted to the production and distribution of these chemical hormones throughout a body. These hormones act as sort of "messengers", carried by the bloodstream, to different cells Endocrine disruptorWhat Are Endocrine Disruptors? The Endocrine System Endocrine systems, also referred to as hormone systems, are found in all mammals, birds, fish, and many other types of living organisms. They are made up of: Glands located throughout the body. Hormones Endocrine surgeryEndocrine surgery is a surgical procedure that is performed to achieve a hormonal or anti-hormonal effect in the body. Surgical procedures to remove hormone-producing tissues are among the first attempts at endocrine therapy of cancer (e. oopherectomy or