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The Estado Novo was a "benevolent" regime with a fascist orientation, but which differed from other fascist-oriented regimes, like Nationalist Spain or Italy by its decreased level of violence. Salazar was a Catholic and Portugal was the first country to abolish the death penalty, in the 19th century. However, one of the pillars of the regime was the PIDE, the secret police which murdered dissenters and oppositors.
The Estado Novo enforced Nationalist and Catholic values onto the Portuguese population. The whole Education System was directed to the exaltation of the Portuguese Nation and its overseas colonies (the Ultramar). The motto of the regime was Deus, Pátria e Familia (meaning God, Fatherland and Family).
The Estado Novo accepted the Italian Corporativist economic style, but still regarding Capitalism as the way to choose. Although Salazar refused to sign the Anti-Comintern pact in 1938, the Portuguese Communist Party was intensly persecuted. The only allowed party was the União Nacional (National Union), which comprised a wide range of right-wing politics, passing through monarchism, fascismBenito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler Fascism (in Italian, fascismo , capitalized, refers to the right-wing authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. The name comes from fascia which may mea, nationalismNationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. Nationalists base nations on various notions of political legitimacy. These can derive from the Romantic theory of " cultural identity", and extreme-capitalism.
The Legião Nacional was a Popular Militia similar to the Italian Blackskirts. The Mocidade Portuguesa replaced the boy scouts and was an organization similar to the Hitler YouthThe Hitler Youth Hitler-Jugend HJ was established by the Nazi party in 1926 to create a new youth-training system for young Germans to gain military training and develop their understanding of and obedience to Nazi ideology. The HJ grew out of the Jugendb. These 2 organizations were heavily supported by the State and imposed a martial style of life.
Although a fascist, oppressive regime, Portugal saw a great growth in the 40's and in the 50's. Salazar managed to reestablish the Portuguese economy, after the Republican disaster which lasted from 1910 to 1926. A brand new road system was built, new bridges crossed the rivers and the Educational propaganda Program was able to build a Primary School in each Portuguese thorp, providing free Primary Education for the people.
The end of the Estado Novo began with the uprisings in the colonies in the 60's. The Liberation Movements in AngolaThis article is about the nation, for the prison see Angola Prison Angola is a country in southwestern Africa bordering Namibia, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville and Zambia and with a west coast along the Atlantic Ocean. A former Portuguese colony, it ha, MozambiqueMozambique is a country in Southern Africa, bordering South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe. It is a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries and the Commonwealth of Nations. Its capital and largest city is Maputo, located and GuineaRepublique de Guinee ( In Detail) (Full size) National motto: Travail, Justice, Solidarite(Work, Justice, Solidarity Official language French (official), Fula, Arabic, others Capital Conakry Capital's coordinates 9° 30' N, 13° 43' W Largest City Conakry P were supported both by the USSR and the USA, which wanted to end all Colonial Empires and expand their sphere of influence. The colonial war is seen in Portugal much like the Vietnam War is seen in the USA: a worthless war in which thousands died.
Although Portugal was able to mantain some superiority in the colonies, by the use of elite paratroopers and special-op troops, the foreign support to the guerillas made them superior, inflicting losses in the Portuguese army.
The whole situation was aggravated with the death of Salazar. In 1970, the strong man of the regime dies, being replaced by one of his closest cooperators: Marcelo Caetano. Although Marcelo Caetano tried to slowly democratize the country, he could not hide the clear dictatorship that oppressed Portugal. In 1974, a coup d'etat organized by left-wing Military officers, with the support of the USSR took down the Estado Novo.
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