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Euclid of Alexandria ( Greek: Eukleides) (circa 365– 275 BC) was a Greek mathematician, now known as "the father of geometry".
His most famous work is the Elements, widely considered to be history's most successful textbook.
Within it, the properties of geometrical objects and integers are deduced from a small set of axioms, thereby anticipating (and partly inspiring) the axiomatic method of modern mathematics.
Although many of the results in the Elements originated with earlier mathematicians, one of Euclid's major accomplishments was to present them in a single, logically coherent framework.
He also provided some missing proofs.
The text also includes sections on number theory and three-dimensional geometry.
He is called the father of geometry.
The geometrical system described in the Elements was long known simply as "the" geometry. Today, however, it is often referred to as Euclidean geometry to distinguish it from other so-called non-Euclidean geometries which developed in the 19th centuryAlternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical ( 18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801- 1900. Events The Little Ice Age ended. These new geometries grew out of more than two millennia of investigation into Euclid's fifth postulateIn geometry, the parallel postulate also called Euclid's fifth postulate since it is the fifth postulate in Euclid's Elements, is a distinctive axiom in what is now called Euclidean geometry. It states: If a line segment intersects two straight lines form, one of the most-studied axioms in all of mathematics.
While the Elements was used into the 20th century19th century 20th century 21st century more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901- 2000 in the sense of the Gre as a geometry textbook and has been considered a fine example of the formally precise axiomatic method, Euclid's treatment does not hold up to modern standards and some logically necessary axioms are missing. The first correct axiomatic treatment of geometry was provided by Hilbert in 1899Events January events January 1 End of Spanish rule in Cuba. January 1 Queens and Staten Island merge with New York City. January 3 The first known use of the word " automobile", in an editorial in the New York Times''. January 6 Lord Curzon becomes a vic.
Almost nothing is known about Euclid outside of what is presented in the Elements and his few other surviving books. What little biographical information we do have comes largely from commentaries by ProclusProclus Lycaeus ( February 8, 412 April 17, 487), surnamed "The Successor" ( Greek Πρόκλος ὁ Διάδοχος #x50;róklo and Pappus of AlexandriaPappus of Alexandria is one of the most important mathematicians of ancient Greek time, known for his work Synagoge (Collection). He was born at Alexandria of Egypt. Although very little is known about his life, the written records suggest he was a teache: He was active at the great library in AlexandriaThe Royal Library of Alexandria was once the largest in the Mediterranean world. It is usually assumed to have been founded at the beginning of the 3rd century BC during the reign of Ptolemy II of Egypt after his father had set up the Temple of the Muses and may have studied at Plato's Academe in Greece, but his exact lifespan and place of birth are unknown.
In the Middle Ages, writers sometimes referred to him as Euclid of Megara, confusing him with a Greek Socratic philosopher who lived approximately one century earlier.
