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In this general sense, painters such as Mathias Grünewald and El Greco can be called expressionist, though in practice, the term is applied mainly to 20th century works.
The term was coined by Czech art historian Antonin Matejcek in 1910 as the opposite of impressionism: "An Expressionist wishes, above all, to express himself [sic]....[An Expressionist rejects] immediate perception and builds on more complex psychic structures....Impressions and mental images pass through his soul as through a filter which rids them of all substantial accretions to produce their clear essence [...and] are assimilated and condense into more general forms, into types, which he transcribes through simple short-hand formulae and symbols." (Gordon, 1987)
Some of the movement's leading painters in the early 20th century were:
There were a number of Expressionist groups in painting, including the Blaue Reiter and Die BrückeDie Brucke (The Bridge) was a group of expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905. Four Jugendstil architecture students led by Hermann Obrist Fritz Bleyl ( 1880- 1966), Erich Heckel ( 1883- 1970), Ernst Ludwig Kirchner ( 1880- 1938) and Karl Schmidt. Later in the 20th century, the movement influenced a large number of other artists, including the so-called abstract expressionists.
Expressionism is also found in other art forms - the novels of Franz KafkaFranz Kafka ( July 3, 1883 in Prague June 3, 1924 in Vienna) was one of the major German language writers of the 20th century most of whose work was published posthumously. His unique body of writing continues to challenge critics, and attempts to classif are often described as expressionist, for example, and there was a concentrated Expressionist movement in early 20th century German theatre centred around Georg Kaiser and Ernst Toller . In music, Arnold SchoenbergArnold Schoenberg (the anglicized form of Schonberg Schoenberg changed the spelling officially when he became a U. citizen) ( September 13, 1874 July 13, 1951) was a composer, born in Vienna, Austria. He is particularly remembered as one of the first comp and Alban BergInset of portrait of Berg by Arnold Schoenberg Alban Maria Johannes Berg ( February 9, 1885 December 24, 1935) was an Austrian composer. He was a member of the Second Viennese School along with Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern, producing works that comb both wrote pieces described as expressionist (Schoenberg also made expressionist paintings).
In architecture, the work of Eric Mendelsohn comes under this category. An important building by him under this style is the Einstein Tower in Potsdam, GermanyThe Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland is one of the world's leading industrialized countries, located in the middle of the European Union. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark and the Baltic Sea, to the east. There is an organic quality to buildings using this approach.
Some sculptors also used this style, as for example Ernst Barlach.
There was also an expressionist movement in film, often referred to as German Expressionism: see expressionism (film).
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