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Figs

Common Fig leaves and fruit

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Urticales
Family:	Moraceae
Genus:	Ficus

Species

About 800, including:
Ficus altissima
Ficus americana
Ficus aurea
Ficus benghalensis - Indian Banyan
Ficus benjamina - Weeping Fig
Ficus broadwayi
Ficus carica - Common Fig
Ficus citrifolia
Ficus drupacea
Ficus elastica
Ficus godeffroyi
Ficus grenadensis
Ficus hartii
Ficus lyrata
Ficus macbrideii
Ficus microcarpa - Chinese Banyan
Ficus nota
Ficus obtusifolia
Ficus palmata
Ficus prolixa
Ficus pumila
Ficus racemosa
Ficus religiosa - Bodhi tree
Ficus rubiginosa - Port Jackson fig
Ficus stahlii
Ficus sycomorus
Ficus thonningii
Ficus tinctoria
Ficus tobagensis
Ficus triangularis
Ficus trigonata
Ficus ulmifolia
Ficus vogelii

Ref: ITIS 19081
as of 2002-08-3

Figs (Ficus) are a genus of about 800 species of woody trees, shrubs and vines in the family Moraceae, native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the warm temperateIn geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The north temperate zone extends from the Tropic of Cancer at about 23. 5 degrees north latitude to the Arctic Circle at about 66. 5 degrees north latitude. zone. The genus includes one species, the Common FigThe Common Fig (botanic name Ficus carica is a large shrub or small tree grown for its fruit. It is native to Western Asia and the Mediterranean region. F. carica, that produces a commercial fruitIn botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary, together with its seeds, of a flowering plant. In cuisine, when discussing fruit as food, the term usually refers to just those plant fruits that are sweet and fleshy, examples of which would be plum, apple, and or called a fig; the fruit of many other species are edible though not widely consumed. Other examples of figs include the BanyanThis article is about the tree. There is also a company called Banyan which named itself after the tree, see Banyan (company); and a music band, see Banyan (band). Ficus benghalensis Ficus microcarpa Banyans are a type of tropical fig tree of the genus Fi and the Peepul (or Bo) tree. Most species are evergreenThis article is about plant types. For other uses see Evergreen (disambiguation Evergreen has two meanings in relation to plants: Evergreen means a plant retaining its foliage year-round (a botanist would say the leaves are persistent or not ''deciduous ., while those from temperate areas, and areas with a long dry season, are deciduousDeciduous means "temporary" or "tending to fall off". Deciduous plants are those that lose their foliage for part of the year. In most cases, the foliage loss coincides with the incidence of winter in temperate or polar climates, but some plants lose thei.

A fig fruit is derived from a specially adapted flowerA flower is the reproductive organ of those plants classified as angiosperms ( flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). The function of a flower is to produce seeds through sexual reproduction''. For the higher plants, seeds are the next generation, and. The fruit has a bulbous shape (an accessory fruit called a syconium) with a small opening (the ostiole) in the end and a hollow area inside lined with small red edible seeds. The fruit/flower is pollinated by small wasps that crawl through the opening to fertilise the fruit.

The Common Fig Ficus carica, a native of southwest Asia ( Turkey east to Afghanistan), is cultivated for its fruit. In the United States, figs are grown in California, Texas, Utah, Oregon, and Washington. Figs can be eaten fresh or dried, and used in jam-making.

Figs come in two sexes: hermaphrodite (called caprifigs because only goats eat them) and female. Fig wasps grow in caprifigs; when they mature, they mate, and the females leave in search of immature figs to lay their eggs in. When the wasp finds one, she pollinates the female flowers but will not lay eggs in the edible fig, only in the caprifig. Thus the edible fig ripens without any wasp frass in it.

When a caprifig ripens, another caprifig must be ready to be pollinated. Tropical figs bear continuously, enabling fruit-eating animals to survive the time between masts. In temperate climes, wasps hibernate in figs, and there are distinct crops. Caprifigs have three crops per year; edible figs have two. The first of the two is small and is called breba; the breba figs are olynths.

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