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The primary constituents of flatulence (collectively known as flatus) are the non-odorous gases nitrogen (ingested), oxygen (ingested), methane (produced by anaerobic microbes), carbon dioxide (produced by aerobic microbes or ingested), and hydrogen (produced by some microbes and consumed by others). Odors result from trace amounts of other constituents (see below).
The noises commonly associated with flatulence are caused not by a flapping of the posterior, as commonly thought, but by the vibration of the anal opening. The sound varies depending on the tightness of the sphincter muscle and velocity of the gas being propelled.
Intestinal gas comes from exogenous (90%) and endogenous (10%) sources. Exogenous gas is air that is ingested through the nose and mouth. Endogenous gas is produced within the digestive tract.
The endogenous gases are produced as a by-product of digesting certain types of foodFood is any substance normally eaten or drunk by living organisms. The term food also includes liquid drinks. Food is the main source of energy and of nutrition for animals, and is usually of animal or plant origin. The study of food is called food scienc. Flatulence producing foods are typically high in starchStarch is a complex carbohydrate which is insoluble in water. Starch (in particular cornstarch) is used in cooking for thickening sauces. In industry, it is used in the manufacture of adhesives, paper, and textiles. Biochemistry In biochemistry, starch is, and include beanThis article is on the plant. For alternate meanings, see Bean (disambiguation Bean is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae) (English: leguminous, legumes), used for food or feed. Bean originally meant ths, onionFor the parody newspaper, see The Onion''. For the computer networking technique, see Onion Routing. Onion in the general sense can be used for any plant in the genus Allium but used without qualifiers usually means Allium cepa also called the garden onios, yamDioscorea (Yam Scientific classification : Plantae : Magnoliophyta : Liliopsida : Dioscoreales : Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea : For the Levantine god of the untamed sea, see Yaw. Yam is the common name for members of the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae).s, sweet potatoThe sweet potato Ipomoea batatas is a crop plant whose large, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are an important vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are minor vegetables. Another name commonly applied to orange-fleshed varieties of sweet potatoes ies, chickpeaChickpea Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Faboideae Genus Cicer Species arietinum Binomial name Cicer arietinum L. The chickpea garbanzo bean or bengal grams, citrus rinds, chestnutalnifolia Bush chinkapin C. crenata Japanese chestnut C. dentata American chestnut C. henryi Henry's chestnut C. mollissima Chinese chestnut C. ozarkensis Ozark chinkapin C. pumila Alleghany chinkapin C. sativa Sweet chestnut C. seguinii Seguin's chestnuts, broccoli, cabbage, yeast in breads, etc.
In beans, the most notorious offenders in this regard, the problem seems to arise from oligosaccharides, carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion: these pass through the upper intestine largely unchanged, and when they reach the lower intestine, bacteria feed on them, producing copious gas. (McGee, 1984 pp.257-8)
In the case of those with lactose intolerance (i.e., most non-Caucasian humans), intestinal bacteria feeding on lactose can give rise to excessive gas production.
Another source of excessive gas production in the stomach is stress. Stressful situations can cause the stomach to produce gas. Also, not only does tight clothing cause a gassy stomach to be painful, it also can contribute to the production of gas.
The average person releases 1 to 3 pints (0.5 to 1.5 liters) of flatus in 12 to 25 episodes throughout the day.
Interest in the causes of flatulence was spurred by high-altitude flight and the space program; the low atmospheric pressure, confined conditions, and stresses peculiar to those endeavours were cause for concern. (McGee, 1984 pp.257-8)
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