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In 1446Events Mehmed II Sultan of the Ottoman Empire is forced to abdicate in favor of his father Murad II by the Janissaries. October 9 The Hangul alphabet is created in Korea. The Hunmin Jeongeum published during the year is consided the start of this brand ne, he entered into the Vienna Concordate with the Holy SeeThe term Holy See ( Latin: Sancta Sedes lit. holy seat") refers in a geographic sense to the episcopal see of Rome, of which the Pope is the ordinary i. the diocesan bishop); in canon law, the terms Holy See and Apostolic See refer to the Pope ("Roman Pon, which remained in force until 1806Events January 8 Cape Colony becomes a British colony January 10 Dutch in Cape Town surrender to the British January 19 The United Kingdom occupies the Cape of Good Hope March 23 After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocea and regulated the relationship between the Habsburgs and the VaticanVatican may refer to: Holy See Roman Curia Vatican City Vatican Hill Vatican Palace Vatican Library..
Frederick was the last Emperor to be crowned in Rome, being crowned in 1452Events October English troops under John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, land in Guyenne and retake most of the province without a fight. Births March 10 Ferdinand II of Aragon April 15 Leonardo da Vinci July 10 King James III of Scotland (killed in 1488) by Pope Nicholas V. He opposed the reform of the Holy Roman Empire at that time and could barely prevent the electors from electing another king.
His politics were hardly spectecular but still successful. His first major opponent was his brother Albert VI , who challanged his rule. He did not manage to win a single conflict on the battlefield, and thus resorted to more subtle plans. He held his nephew Ladislaus Postumus, the ruler of Austria proper, Hungary and Bohemia, (born in 1440) as a prisoner and attempted to extend his guardianship over him in perpetuity to maintain his control over Lower Austria. Ladislaus was freed in 1452 by the Lower Austrian estates. He acted similarly towards his nephew Sigismund of the Tyrolian line of the Habsburg family. He failed to gain control over Hungary and Bohemia in spite, and was even defeated by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus in 1485, who manged to reside in Vienna until his death in 1485. Ultimately, Frederick prevailed in all those conflicts by outliving his opponents and sometimes inheriting their lands from, such as in the case of Ladislaus Postumus, from whom he gained Lower Austria in 1457, and Albert VI, whom he succeeded in Upper Austria. These conflicts forced him to an anachronistic itinerent existence, as he had to move his court between various place through the years, residing in Graz, Linz and Wiener Neustadt. Wiener Neustadt owes him its castle and the "New Monastary".
Still, in some ways his policies were astonishingly successful. In the Siege of Neuss, he could force Charles the Bold of Burgundy to give his daughter Mary of Burgundy as wife to Frederick's son Maximilian. With the inheritance of Burgundy, the House of Habsburg began to rise to predominance in Europe. This gave rise to the saying "Let others wage wars, but you, happy Austria, shall marry", which became a motto of the dynasty.
The marriage of his daughter Kunigunde of Austria to Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria , was another result of intrigues and deception, but rather a defeat for Frederick. Albert had illegally taken control over some imperial fiefs, asked to marry Kunigunde (who lived in Innsbruck, far from her father) and offered the Emperor to give the fiefs to the daughter as a dowry. Frederick agreed, but withdrew his approval when Albert also took control of Regensburg. Before the daughter learned of this, Albert married her on January 2, 1487. A war could only be prevented by intermediation by the Emperor's son, Maximilian.
In some smaller issues, Frederick was quite successful: in 1469 he managed to establish bishoprics in Vienna and Wiener Neustadt, in which all previous Dukes of Austria had failed over the centuries.
Frederick died in a failed attempt to have his left leg amputated. His grave in the Cathedral of Saint Stephan in Vienna, built by Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden , is one of the most important works of plastic art of the late middle ages
For the last ten years of Frederick's life, he and Maximilian ruled jointly.
| Preceded by: Albert II | King of Germany Also Holy Roman Emperor | Succeeded by: Maximilian I |
| Preceded by: Ernest the Iron | Duke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola co-regent: Albert VI | |
| Preceded by: Ladislaus Postumus | Archduke of Austria |
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