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The French Renaissance is roughly the period from Charles VIII of France through Henri IV of France and is said to begin with the French invasion of Italy in 1494. The reigns of François I (from 1515 to 1547) and his son Henri II (from 1547 to 1559) are generally considered the apex of the French Renaissance. After Henri II's unfortunate death in a joust, the country was ruled by his widow Catherine de Medici and her sons François II, Charles IX and Henri III, and although the Renaissance continued to flourish, the French Wars of Religion between huguenots and catholics ravished the country.
In the late 15th century, the French invasion of ItalyThe Italian Wars were a series of wars from 1494 to 1559 for control over the States of Italy, mainly involving France and Spain, but also involving most other European states, and the imprisonment for several months of Pope Clement VII. They started with and the proximity of the vibrant BurgundyThis page is about the region of France. For information on the wine, see Burgundy wine. Burgundy ( French Bourgogne is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Celts, Gauls, Romans and Gallo-Romans, and various Germanic peoples, most importantly court (with its Flemish connections) brought the French into contact with the goods, paintings, and the creative spirit of the Northern and Italian RenaissanceThe Italian Renaissance was the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century following the Middle Ages. See also Medieval Italy. The Renaissance was first focused in North, and the initial artistic changes in France were often carried out by Italian and Flemish artists Jean ClouetJean Clouet (d. 1541), French miniature painter, generally known as Janet . The authentic presence of this artist at the French court is first to be noted in 1516, the second year of the reign of Francis I. By a deed of gift made by the king to the artist (and his son François Clouet ) and the Italians Rosso Fiorentino , Primaticcio and Nicolò dell'Abate of the (so-called) first School of FontainebleauThe Ecole de Fontainebleau refers to two periods of artistic production in France during the late Renaissance centered around the royal Chateau of Fontainebleau. First School of Fontainebleau (from 1531) Rosso Fiorentino (Giovanni Battista di Jacopo de' R (from 1531). Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci ( April 15, 1452 May 2, 1519) was a celebrated Italian Renaissance architect, musician, inventor, engineer, sculptor and painter. He has been described as the archetype of the " Renaissance man" and as a universal genius. Leonardo is wel was also invited to France by François I, but other than the paintings which he brought with him, he produced little for the French king.
The art of the period from François I through Henri IV is often heavily inspired by late Italian pictorial and sculptural developments commonly referred to as MannerismMannerism is the usual English term for an approach to all the arts, particularly painting but not exclusive to it, a reaction to the High Renaissance, emerging after the Sack of Rome in 1527 shook Renaissance confidence, humanism and rationality to their (associated with Michelangelo and Parmigianino, among others), characterized by figures which are elongated and graceful and a reliance on visual rhetoric, including the elaborate use of allegory and mythology.
There are a number of French artists of incredible talent in this period including the painter Jean Fouquet of Tours (who achieved amazingly realistic portraits and remarkable illuminated manuscripts) and the sculptors Jean Goujon and Germain Pilon .
Perhaps the greatest accomplishment of the French Renaissance was the construction of the Châteaux of the Loire Valley: no longer conceived of as fortresses, these pleasure palaces took advantage of the richness of the rivers and lands of the Loire region and they show remarkable architectural skill.
The old Louvre castle in Paris was also rebuilt under the direction of Pierre Lescot and would become the core of a brand new Renaissance château. To the west of the Louvre, Catherine de Medici had built for her the Tuileries palace with extensive gardens and a grotto.
The French Wars of Religion however dragged the country into thirty years of civil war which eclipsed much artistic production outside of religious and political propaganda.
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