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It is the largest city in Kyushu, followed closely by Kitakyushu. Kyushu is the third largest island of Japan and most southerly of the main islands. It is considered the birthplace of Japanese civilization. The city is one of the main areas of the Fukuoka-Kitakyushu metropolitan area.
Situated across the Korea Strait from South Korea's Busan, the city has been strongly influenced by Korean cuisine and is attempting to situate itself as a hub for East Asian cultural interchange.
As of July 2003, the city had an estimated population of 1,325,611 and a density of 4,054.18 persons per kmē. The total area is 339.38 kmē. With an average age of 38.6 years, Fukuoka is Japan's second youngest major city and with a growth rate of 4.4%, is also Japan's second-fastest growing city ( based on 2000 census data).It is the home of the Fukuoka Daiei HawksBaseball teams The Fukuoka Daiei Hawks is a Japanese baseball team based in Fukuoka. The team was bought in 1988 from Osaka's Nankai Electric Railway Co. and moved to Fukuoka. The Daiei Hawks won the Pacific League championship in 1999, 2000 and 2003 and, one of Japan's top professional baseball teams.
The city is served by Fukuoka AirportFukuoka Airport ( Japanese: ) is an international airport in Fukuoka, Japan. Its IATA Airport Code is FUK. The airport is located in Hakata Ward, South-East of the city centre. It is connected to the rest of the city by subway and road, and a subway from, the Sanyo ShinkansenShinkansen Sanyo Shinkansen (; San'yo Shinkansen) is a line of Shinkansen high speed rail, connecting Shin-Osaka with Hakata Station in Fukuoka, and it is operated by West Japan Railway Company. Timeline March 15, 1972 The line is partially opened between high speed rail line at Hakata StationHakata Station is the main railway terminal in Fukuoka, Japan. Lines Fukuoka Municipal Subway Kuko Line Fukuhoku-Yutaka Line Hakata-Minami Line Kagoshima Line Kyushu Shinkansen (under construction) Sanyo Shinkansen History December 11, 1889: Opened. The o and by ferryA ferry is a boat or a ship carrying passengers, and possibly their vehicles, on a relatively short-distance, regularly-scheduled service. Ferries form an important part of the public transport systems of many waterside cities, allowing direct transit bet. JR Kyushu operates a hydrofoil between Hakata Port and Busan, South Korea.
Sky Dream Fukuoka, located in Fukuoka City's western ward, is one of the world's largest ferris wheels at a height of 120 metres.The city was designated on April 1, 1972 by government ordinance.
The Mongols attempted two unsuccessful invasions of Japan. The first invasion fleet was utterly destroyed by a typhoon ( kamikaze) in 1281. The Mongolian fleets survived the typhoon the second time but the landed troops, starved because their provisions had been lost in the typhoon, were annihilated by Japanese infantry and samurai.
Fukuoka's Hakata bay is Japan's gateway to Korea and China. Gateways, of course, attract undesirables and having bored of terrorising the continent the great Mongol Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire and after founding the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor of China, turned his attention to Zipangu. In 1268, Japan had to face an external pressure it had never experienced before. Few knew it might change the fate of the Hojos and the Kamakura Shogunate. Kublai Khan of Mongol, grandson of Genghis Khan, sent an envoy to Japan to make the Shogunate acknowledge Khan's suzerainty. The Kamakura Shogunate refused. Mongolia repeatedly sent envoys thereafter, each time urging the Shogunate accept their proposal but to no avail. In 1274, Mongol fleets with 900 ships and 33,000-strong troops invaded northern part of Kyushu island.His first invasion was compromised by a combination of incompetence and storms but it was the second invasion, in 1281, destroyed by the famous " kamikaze" (or "wind of god") that marked the end of his Japanese ambitions. Fortunately, a typhoon hit the area in the middle of the battle and most of the ships were destroyed, forcing them to retreat. Kublai sent another envoy in 1279. Back at the time, Hojo Tokimune of the Hojo clan (1251-1284) was the Eighth Regent. Not only did he decline the offer, but executed (beheaded) the five Mongolian emissaries after summoning them to Kamakura .
After the first invasion of 1274, the Japanese samurai built a stone barrier of 20 kilometers long (Height about 2-3 metres; width at base about 3 metres. Built in 1276-1277; excavated in the 1930s.) bordering the coast of Hakata Bay of today's Fukuoka city. This stone barrier, on which the Japanese soldiers forcefully fought in resistance, effectively prevented the landing of the Yuan (Mongol) army on the shore of Hakata (now in Fukuoka city) during the second invasion of 1281.
Getting infuriated, Kublai made another attack on Fukuoka Prefecture in 1281 reinforcing the troops to 140,000 soldiers with 4,000 ships. The Japanese warriors were no match for Mongolians, and the Kublai fleets invaded up to Dazaifu (太宰府市; -shi), 15 kilometers south of Fukuoka city. By sheer luck, another typhoon struck the area again, and it gave a crushing blow to the Mongolian troops. (Hence the Japanese called the typhoon Kamikaze or Divine Winds, and many believed even in the Pacific War that Japan would win by the mercy of Kamikaze.) Under pressure from his Mongolian advisors Kublai attempted to conquer Japan, Myanmar, and Vietnam. All those attempts failed and the cost of these expeditions and the paper currency he created caused inflation.
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