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| Fungi
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Yellow fungus. | ||||
| Scientific classification | ||||
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| Divisions | ||||
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Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota
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The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. Included are the conspicuous mushrooms, but also many microscopic forms such as molds and yeasts. Some 70,000 species have been described, and perhaps 1.5 million species actually exist, with the majority yet to be identified and described by mycologists (Hawksworth, 1991; Hawksworth et al., 1995). The fungi have undergone substantial changes in the arrangement of the various taxa in the last several decades, especially as techniques for comparing biochemical characteristics (such as ribosomal RNA and DNA) have become increasingly more sophisticated. The phylogeny presented here is after Bruns et al. (1991, 1993) for the Eumycota (true fungi) and recognizes four divisions: the Chytridiomycota (chytrids), Zygomycota (conjugating fungi including bread moulds), Ascomycota (sac fungi, including common moulds, cup fungi) and Basidiomycota (club fungi). Most mushrooms are classified in the Basidiomycota.
Fungi occur in all environments on the planet and include important decomposers and parasites. Parasitic fungi infect animals, including humans, other mammals, birdFor other meanings of bird see bird (disambiguation). Many see text Birds are bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates characterized primarily by feathers, forelimbs modified as wings, and hollow bones. There are almost 9000 known species of birds ins, and insectSubclass Apterygota Symphypleona globular springtails Subclass Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) Subclass Dicondylia Monura extinct Thysanura (common bristletails) Subclass Pterygota Palaeodictyoptera extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata ( dragonfls, with consequences varying from mild itching to deathThis page deals with death, the cessation of life. For other meanings of death, see death (disambiguation). Death is a term that can refer to either the termination of life in a living system, or the state of that organism after that event. A common perce. Other parasitic fungi infect plantGreen algae land plants (embryophytes non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta liverworts Anthocerophyta hornworts Bryophyta mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta clubmosses Equisetophyta horsetails Pteridophyta "true"s, causing diseases such as butt rot and making trees more vulnerable to toppling. The vast majority of vascular plants are associated with mutualistic fungi, called mycorrhizae, which assist their roots in absorption of nutrients and water.
Some fungi are popular as food: Shiitake mushrooms, white mushrooms, puffballs, and Mexican Corn smut are examples. Many other mushrooms are extremely poisonous (see Mushroom poisoning). While not every mushroom is dangerously poisonous, most simply aren't large or tasty enough to be eaten. Wild mushrooms should not be eaten unless identifed by an expert. However, even very knowledgeable persons occasionally misidentify wild mushrooms, with sometimes fatal consequences.
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