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Gabriele D'Annunzio was born in Pescara, the son of a wealthy landowner. His precocious talent was recognised early in life, and he was sent to school at the Liceo Cicognini in Prato . He published his first poetry at the age of sixteen with Primo Vere ( 1879), influenced by Giosuè Carducci's Odi barbare. In 1881 he entered the University of Rome , where he became a member of various literary groups, and wrote articles and criticism for local newspapers. His first novel Il Piacere (The Child of Pleasure) was published in 1889Events January-April January 8 Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine January 22 Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, DC. February 11 Meiji Constitution of Japan adopted; 1st Diet convenes in 1890 January 30 ? Crown, beginning a prolific literary output.
In 1883 he married Maria Hardouin di Gallese, and had three sons, but the marriage ended in 1891. In 1894 he began a love affair with the famous actress Eleonora DuseEleonora Duse ( 3 October 1858- 21 April 1924), was an Italian actress, often known simply as Duse . She was born at Vigevano and entered acting (her family's profession) as a child. She came to fame in Italian versions of roles made famous by Sarah Bernh which became a cause célèbre. He provided leading roles for her in his plays of the time such as La Città morta (The dead city) (1898) and Francesca da Rimini (1901), but the tempestuous relationship finally ended in 1910Events January events January 13 The first live musical radio program. Lee De Forest broadcasts a live performance of Enrico Caruso from the Metropolitan Opera. January 26 ? Seine floods in Paris. February events February 8 The Boy Scouts of America is in.
In 1897 D'Annunzio was elected to the Chamber of DeputiesThe Chamber of Deputies is the name given to the lower house of the bicameral legislatures of the following states: Argentina Argentine Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados) Belgium Chamber of Deputies of Belgium (Chambre des Representants / Kamer van for a three-year term, where he sat as an independent. By 1910Events January events January 13 The first live musical radio program. Lee De Forest broadcasts a live performance of Enrico Caruso from the Metropolitan Opera. January 26 ? Seine floods in Paris. February events February 8 The Boy Scouts of America is in his daredevil lifestyle had forced him into debt, and he fled to FranceThe French Republic or France ( French: Republique francaise or France is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. to escape his creditors. There he collaborated with composer Claude DebussyClaude Achille Debussy ( August 22, 1862 March 25, 1918), composer of impressionistic classical music. Born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France, Claude Debussy studied with Guiraud and others at the Paris Conservatoire ( 1872- 84) and as an 1884 Pr on a musical play Le martyre de Saint Sébastien (The Martyrdom of St SebastianThis article is about St. See also Sebastian (disambiguation). St Sebastian was a Christian saint and martyr, who died under the persecution of Christians by the Roman emperor Diocletian in the third century. According to his apocryphal Acts, attributed t, 1911).
After the start of World War I, D'Annunzio returned to Italy and made public speeches in favor of Italy's entry on the side of the Allies. He then volunteered and achieved further celebrity as a fighter pilot, losing the sight of an eye in a flying accident. On 9 August 1918, as commander of the 87th fighter squadron "La Serenissima", he organized one of the great feats of the war, leading 9 planes in a 700 mile round trip to drop propaganda leaflets on Vienna.
The War stengthened his nationalistic views, and he campaigned widely for Italy to assume a role alongside her wartime Allies as a first-rate European power. Angered by the proposed handing over of the city of Fiume (now Rijeka in Croatia) at the Paris Peace Conference, on 12 September, 1919, he led the seizure by Italian nationalist irregulars of the city, forcing the withdrawal of the inter-Allied (American, British and French) occupying forces. The plotters sought to have Italy annex Fiume, but were denied. Instead, Italy initiated a blockade of Fiume while demanding that the plotters surrender. D'Annunzio then declared Fiume an independent state (the "Italian Regency of Carnaro") with a constitution foreshadowing much of the later Italian Fascist system, with himself as "Duce" (dictator). He attempted to organize an alternative to the League of Nations for (selected) oppressed nations of the world (such as the Italians of Fiume), and sought to make alliances with various separatist groups throughout the Balkans (especially groups of Italians, though also some Slavic groups as well), although without much success. D'Annunzio ignored the Treaty of Rapallo and declared war on Italy itself, only finally surrendering the city in December 1920 after a bombardment by the Italian navy.
After the Fiume incident, D'Annunzio retired to his home on Lake Garda and spent his latter years writing and campaigning. Although D'Annunzio had a strong influence on the ideology of Benito Mussolini, he never became directly involved in fascist government politics in Italy.
In 1924 he was created Prince of Monte Nevoso and in 1937 he was made a president of the Italian Royal Academy . D'Annunzio died of a stroke at his home on 1 March 1938. He was given a state funeral by Mussolini and interred at Il Vittoriale degli Italiani .
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