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Selye was able to separate the physical effects of stress from other physical symptoms suffered by patients through his research. He observed that patients suffered physical effects not caused directly by their disease or by their medical condition.
Selye described the general adaptation syndrome as having three stages:
Stress includes eustress and distress, roughly meaning challenge and overload. Both types may be the result of negative or positive events. If your dog dies and you win the lottery, one does not cancel the other — both are stressful events. Eustress is essential to our lives, like exercise to a muscle, but distress is what causes disease. When talking about stress, generally what we mean is distress.
Stress can directly and indirectly contribute to general or specific disorders of body and mind. Stress can have a major impact on the physical functioning of the human body. Such stress raises the level of adrenaline and corticosterone in the body, which in turn increases the heart-rate, respiration, blood-pressure and puts more physical stress on bodily organs. Long-term stress can be a contributing factor in heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke and other illnesses.
The Japanese phenomenon of karoshi, or death from overwork, is believed to be due to heart attack and stroke caused by high levels of stress.
A given situation causes eustress in one person and distress in the other. This is so because of physiological differences, and because everyone has learned different ways to react and adapt to stress. Currently, many seminars are available for people (especially managers) to develop better habits of stress management.
Other approaches may be meditation, T'ai Chi Ch'uan, and yoga. E.g., when Selye reviewed the physiological changes measured in practitioners of transcendental meditation, he concluded that they were the opposites of the body's reaction to stress, and that the therapeutic effect was clearest in conditions caused by a wrong way to adapt and react to stress in daily life.
Finally, serenitySerenity can refer to: Serenity a disposition free from stress. Serenity an upcoming science fiction film from Joss Whedon, based upon his Firefly television series. Serenity the pilot episode of Firefly''. Serenity an album of live music by jazz musician is a disposition free or mostly free from the effects of stress, and in some cultures it is considered a state which may be cultivated by various forms of training.
The general neurochemistry of the general adaptation syndrome is now believed to be well understood, although much remains to be discovered about how this system interacts with others in the brain and elsewhere in the body.
The body reacts to stress first by releasing catecholamineCatecholamines are chemical compounds derived from the amino acid tyrosine that act as hormones or neurotransmitters. They are examples of phenethylamines. Catecholamines are soluble so they circulate dissolved in blood. The most abundant catecholamines a hormones, epinephrineEpinephrine (also adrenaline epi in medical jargon) is a hormone and acts as a neurotransmitter. Both names mean the same: the Latin roots ad ''renes and the Greek roots epi ''nephros both literally mean "on/to the kidney" (referring to the adrenal gland, and norepinephrineNorepinephrine known as noradrenaline outside the USA, is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine of the chemical formula C H N O. It is released from the adrenal glands as a hormone into the blood, but it is also a neurotransmitter in the nervous system whe, and glucocortisoid hormones, cortisolCortisol (hydrocortisone, CHO, ), is a corticosteroid hormone synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the cortex of the adrenal glands. Its systematic name is 11ss,17,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione and its CAS number is 50-23-7. The amount of cortisol and cortisone.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalThe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis HPA axis is a major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress. Species from humans to the most ancient organisms share components of the HPA axis. It is the mechanism for a set of interacti (HPA) axis is a major part of the neuroendocrine system , involving the interactions of the hypothalamusIn the anatomy of mammals, the hypothalamus is a region of the brain located below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate certain metabolic processes and other autonomic activities., the pituitary gland and the adrenal glands. The HPA axis is believed to play a primary role in the body's reactions to stress, by balancing hormone releases from the adrenaline-producing adrenal medulla and from the corticosteroid producing adrenal cortex.
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