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Dumézil's father was a classicist and so he became interested in ancient languages at a young age - it was been said that he could read the Aeneid in Latin at the age of nine. During his time in secondary school, he was also influenced by Michel Bréal, one of his classmate's grandfathers, who was at the time one of the leading French philologists. By the time he entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1916, then, he was already on the road to studying linguistics and the classics.
His studies were delayed by WWI, however, when Dumézil was drafted and served as an artillery officer. After the war he resumed his studies, where he was particularly influenced by Antoine Meillet. He agregatedIn France, the agregation is a civil service competitive examination for some positions in the public education system. The laureates are known as agreges . A similar system exists in other countries. There are actually two different agregations Secondary in 1919 in Classics and then received his doctorate in 1924 after writing a thesis comparing the common origins of the Greek ambrosiaOther meanings, see Ambrosia (disambiguation . In ancient mythology, Ambrosia (Greek ) is sometimes the food, sometimes the drink, of the gods. The word has generally been derived from Greek a ("not") and mbrotos ("mortal"); hence the food or drink of the and a similarly named Indian drink Amtra which was said to make its imbiber immortal. The dissertation was controversial because some of the examiners, such as Henri HubertHenri Hubert ( Paris 23 June 1872 25 May 1927) was an archaeologist and sociologist of comparative religions who is best known for his work on the Celts and his collaboration with Marcel Mauss and other members of the Annee Sociologique. Hubert was born a thought that Dumézil took liberty with the facts in order to generate a more beautiful interpretation (this would come to be a common criticism of Dumézil's work).
Feeling that he had little place in the French academy, Dumézil moved to TurkeyTurkey (officially the Republic of Turkey Turkish Turkiye is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part in southeastern Europe. Until 1922 the country was the center of the Ottoman Empire. The Anatolian peninsula, between the Black Sea and the in 1925 to teach at the University of Istanbul, created as part of Ataturk's attempt to create a modern, secular nation. As a result he learned Turkish and developed an interest in the UbykhUbykh is a language of the Northwestern Caucasian group, spoken by the Ubykh people up until the early 1990s. The word is derived from waebaekh its name in the Abdzakh Adyghe (Circassian) language. It is known in linguistic literature by many names: varia and travelled widely in Russia, Turkey, and the Caucasus. As a result, he became one of the premier experts of Caucasian languages to work in French. In 1931 he took another position, this one in UppsalaThis article is about the modern city of Uppsala. If you're searching for the Uppsala of Norse mythology, see Gamla Uppsala. Uppsala [˘ɵpsɑːla] is a City and a Municipality of Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm., which allowed him to hone his skills in the Germanic stocks of Indo-European.
In 1937 Dumézil published Flamin-Brahmin, the first full statement of his 'trifunctional hypothesis'. In this as in Mitra-Varuna, his most accessible work, Dumézil analyzed the Indo-European idea of sovereignty into two distinct and complementary parts: one formal, priestly, juridical and rooted in this world; the other powerful, unpredictable, and rooted in the "other," supernatural/spiritual world. Finally, there was a third group, the ruled. For instance, this tripartite division resulted in the arrangement of Brahimn, Kshatriya, and commoner castes in India and the distinction between Kings, Priests, and commoners in Europe. He argued that this dual sovereignty was expressed by pairs of gods such as the Sanskrit Mitra/ Varuna, the Roman Dius Fidius/ Jupiter Summanus, or the Scandinavian Tyr/ Odin; alternatively by quasi-historical hero-figures, such as the Roman Romulus/ Numa; or by distinct religious confraternities, such as the Roman flamens/ Luperci or Indic brahmins/ Gandharva.
By the mid-1930s Dumézil's star began to rise. In 1935 he left Uppsala to take up a chair in the "Comparative Religion of Indo-European Peoples" at the prestiguous École Pratique des Hautes Études. He was named a professor at the Collège de France in 1949, and was finally elected to the Académie Française in 1978 thanks to the patronage of his colleague and fellow student of myth, Claude Levi-Strauss.
Dumézil's trifunctional hypothesis has weathered a good deal of criticism since his death, and some commentators consider it as much a form of mythology as the myths he studied. Nevertheless, many themes of his work have continued to remain at the center of ancient religious studies: for example, his impulse to comparative study, and his basic insight that polytheistic gods must be studied not simply by themselves, but in the pairs and ensembles in which their worshippers grouped them.
Dumézil is also well known for mentoring many younger French scholars. Michel Foucault, for instance, benefitted from his patronage when Dumézil arranged for him to teach temporarily in Uppsala early on in his career.
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