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The Ghaznavid Empire was a state in the region of today's Afghanistan that existed from 977 to 1186. It was created by Turks under Khan Sebük Tigin with the city Ghazna ( Ghazni) as capital, replacing the Samanids. Sebük Tigin made himself lord of nearly all the present territory of Afghanistan and of the Punjab. In 997, Mahmud, the son of Sebük Tigin, succeeded his father upon his death, and with him Ghazni and the Ghaznavid dynasty have become perpetually associated. Issuing forth year after year from the capital, Mahmud carried fully seventeen expeditions of devastation through northern India and Gujarat, as well as others to the north and west. From the borders of Kurdistan to Samarkand, from the Caspian SeaThe Caspian Sea is a landlocked sea in Asia. It is bordered by Russia ( Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan Oblast), Republic of Azerbaijan, Iran ( Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces), Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan, with the central Asian steppes to the n to the Ganges, his authority was acknowledged. The wealth brought back to Ghazni was enormous, and contemporary historians (e.g. Abolfazl BeyhaghiAbolfazl Beyhaghi ( 995- 1077; Abd ul-Fazl Mohammad Ibn Hossein Beyhaği was an Iranian historian and author. He wrote the Tarikh-e Mas'oudi (Masoudian History) (other name: Tarikh-e Beyhaghi. Beyhaghi was born in the village Haares-Abad of Beyhagh i, FerdowsiFerdowsi Tousi ( in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi ( 935 1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. Among the national heroes and the literately greats of all time, Ferdowsi has a very special place.) give glowing descriptions of the magnificence of the capital, as well as of the conquerors munificent support of literature. Mahmud died in 1030Events Battle of Stiklestad ensures the Christianization of Norway. The city of Kaunas in Lithuania is founded. The city of Tartu in Estonia is founded. earliest mention of Thalwil, Switzerland Deaths September 30 William V, Duke of Aquitaine Olav Haralds, and his son Mas'ud was unable to control the conquered lands and lost the Battle of Dandanqan in 1040Events August 14 King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as Scottish Monarch. Deaths August 14 Duncan I, king of Scotland October 1 Alan III, Duke of Brittany, poisoned See also For the U.. Even though there was some revival of importance under Ibrahim ( 1059Events Anselm of Canterbury settles at the Benedictine monastery of Le Bec in Normandy. The College of Cardinals become the sole voters in the election of popes. Muhammed ben Da'ud, known as Alp Arslan becomes second sultan of the Seljuk Turks. Isaac I Co- 1099Events Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade: July 8 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders mocked them. July 15 Christian soldiers under Godfrey of Bouillon, Robert II of Flanders, Raymond IV of Toulouse a), the empire never reached anything like the same splendour and power. It was soon overshadowed by the Seljuk Turks of Persia. The Ghaznavid Empire ended in 1149 with the capture of Ghazna by the Ghurids . Ghaznavid power in northern India continued until the conquest of Lahore in 1186.
The Ghaznavid Dynasty:
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopĉdia Britannica. 1911 Britannica
