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The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and television programs, given out each year during a formal dinner. Run since 1944 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA), the awards are often regarded as the third most publicized awards for movies and television, after the Academy Awards (for film) and Emmy Awards (for television). This is particularly true since 1996, when the HFPA signed a new television broadcast contract.The Golden Globes are voted on by a small group of about ninety international journalists working in Hollywood, California, and awarded early in the year. Until 2003, the awards dinner had been scheduled so that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences sent out their ballots for their awards only days after the Golden Globe award winners are announced.
1 Award categories
The Golden Globe awards were limited to motion pictures until 1956, when awards for television were added.
- best drama;
- best comedy;
- best director;
- best actor;
- best actress;
- best supporting actor;
- best supporting actress;
- best foreign-language film;
- The Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in motion pictures
2 Award winners
- Film
- Best Actor, Drama
- Best Actor, Comedy/Musical
- Best Actress, Drama1944 Jennifer Jones, The Song of Bernadette 1945 Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight 1946 Ingrid Bergman, The Bells of St. Mary's 1947 Rosalind Russell, Sister Kenny 1948 Rosalind Russell, Mourning Becomes Electra 1949 Jane Wyman, Johnny Belinda 1950 Olivia de Havil
- Best Actress, Comedy/Musical1951 Judy Holliday, Born Yesterday 1952 June Allyson, Too Young to Kiss 1953 Susan Hayward, With a Song in My Heart 1954 Ethel Merman, Call Me Madam 1955 Judy Garland, A Star is Born 1956 Jean Simmons, Guys and Dolls 1957 Deborah Kerr, The King and I 1958
- Best Drama1944 The Song of Bernadette 1945 Going My Way 1946 The Lost Weekend 1947 The Best Years of Our Lives 1948 Gentleman's Agreement 1949 Johnny Belinda The Treasure of the Sierra Madre 1950 All the King's Men 1951 Sunset Boulevard 1952 A Place in the Sun 1953
- Best Comedy/Musical1952 An American in Paris 1953 With a Song in My Heart 1954 No award 1955 Carmen Jones 1956 Guys and Dolls 1957 The King and I 1958 Les Girls 1959 Gigi 1960 Some Like It Hot Porgy and Bess 1961 The Apartment Song Without End 1962 A Majority of One West Si
- Best Director1944 Henry King, The Song of Bernadette 1945 Leo McCarey, Going My Way 1946 Billy Wilder, The Lost Weekend 1947 Frank Capra, It's a Wonderful Life 1948 Elia Kazan, Gentleman's Agreement 1949 John Huston, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre 1950 Robert Rossen
- Television
- Best Series, DramaDocumentary series and mini-series are also eligible for this award, as shown by the consecutive awards to Rich Man, Poor Man Roots and 60 Minutes''. 1970 Marcus Welby, M. 1971 Medical Center 1972 Mannix 1973 Columbo 1974 The Waltons 1975 Upstairs/Downsta
- Best Series, Musical/Comedy1970 The Governor and J. 1971 The Carol Burnett Show 1972 All in the Family 1973 All in the Family 1974 All in the Family 1975 Rhoda 1976 Barney Miller 1977 Barney Miller 1978 All in the Family 1979 Taxi 1980 Taxi Alice 1981 Taxi 1982 M A S H 1983 Fame 19
3 Criticism
The significance of the Golden Globes is sometimes tainted by criticism of the HFPA:
- Membership in the HFPA is not based on journalism credentials and continuing accomplishments. Members are only required to be paid for four published works each year, with the only penalty for not meeting that minimal level is being moved to "inactive" status for that year. Many live on their pensions rather than their work as journalists; as of 2004, some are in their nineties, several others in their eighties. Perhaps only two dozen are working foreign journalists; a larger number are longtime members who freelance infrequently for small overseas publications. Many members make their living at other professions, including teaching, real estate, automobile sales, and film promotion. Duncan Campbell, a correspondent for The Guardian, cites a well-known comment from Groucho Marx: "If they were willing to have me in it, I wouldn't want to join. I've always considered that joining [the HFPA] comes at a dreadful price — your credibility."
- The number of members is arbitrarily restrictive; it has historically been limited to around 90 members, and can grow by no more than five members a year. Membership requires the sponsorship of two existing members, and an applicant can be blackballed by a single member.
- Members appear at times to be more motivated or influenced by the perks and attention they receive than the quality of the work they are evaluating. Movie studios annually arrange elaborate meals where HFPA members can mingle with directors and actors. In 1975, during a media get-together in Dallas, Texas, several members admitted that they "always remember which studios are extra nice to us." In 1981, Pia Zadora received an award after her husband, Meshulam Riklis , flew the HFPA to Las Vegas. Even into the 21st century, studio-run screenings for the HFPA usually feature cocktails or dinner or both, which is not the case for other media screenings. Its members are invited to every premiere, which is not the case for other journalists.
- A dispropriate number of members are photographers. Anita Weber, thirty-year veteran of the organization, noted that "everyone comes in as a writer but many eventually become photographers as well, because there's more money in photos." Studios require actors to pose for individual photos with every HFPA member who attends, access which makes such a career shift more lucrative.
In 1996, a former HFPA president founded the International Press Academy as a more open, broader-based, "less easily manipulated" operation than the HFPA.
In recent years the HFPA have made an effort to reform their association and address some of the criticisms. Gifts are now limited to bottles of champagne, flowers and movie trinkets. A recent HFPA president, Dagmar Dunlevy, was a bona fide journalist, rather than an occasional freelancer. With the income from the NBC broadcasting deal, the association has been making substantial donations to film-oriented charities.
