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Home > Government of Antarctica

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Antarctica has no government. Various countries claim areas of it, but most countries do not recognize those claims. The area between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west is the only land on Earth not claimed by any country.

The Antarctic Treaty establishes freedom of scientific investigation and prohibits military activity. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty prevent development.


1 The treaty

The Antarctic Treaty, signed on December 1, 1959, and entered into force on June 23, 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica. Administration is carried out through consultative member meetings - the 23rd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was in Peru in May 1999.

At the end of 1999, there were 44 treaty member nations: 27 consultative and 17 acceding. Consultative (voting) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 20 nonclaimant nations. The US and some other nations that have made no claims have reserved the right to do so. The US does not recognize the claims of others. The year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation was voted to full consultative (voting) status, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory.

1.1 Claimant nations

The claims of Argentina, Chile and the UK overlap. Claims of the four others do not.

1.2 Nonclaimant consultative nations



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