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The project got its start at the University of Chicago. University president Robert Hutchins collaborated with Mortimer Adler to develop a course, generally aimed at businessmen, for the purpose of filling in gaps in education, making one more well-rounded and familiar with the " Great Books" and ideas of the past three millennia. Among the original students was William Benton, future US Senator and then CEO of the Encyclopædia Britannica. It was he who proposed a series of books presenting the greatest works of the canon, complete and unabridged, to be edited by Hitchins and Adler and published by Encyclopedia Britannica. Hutchins was wary, fearing that the works would be sold and treated as Encyclopedias cheapening the great books they were. Nevertheless, he was persuaded to agree to the project and pay $60,000 for it.
After several debates about what was to be included and how the work was to be presented, and the budget exploding to $2,000,000, the project was ready for publication. It was presented at a gala at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City on April 15, 1952. In a speech made that night, Hutchins said "This is more than a set of books, and more than a liberal education. Great Books of the Western World is an act of piety. Here are the sources of our being. Here is our heritage. This is the west. This is its meaning for mankind." It was decided that the first two volumes would be presented to Queen Elizabeth and President Truman.
Sales were initially poor. After 1,863 were sold in 1952, less than one-tenth that amount were sold the following year. A financial debacle loomed, until Encyclopedia Britannica altered the marketing strategy and sold the set (as Hutchins feared) through experienced door-to-door encyclopedia salesmen. Through this method 50,000 editions were sold in 19611961 (As MAD Magazine pointed out on its first cover for the year) was the first "upside-down" year i. one that looked the same upside down since 1881, and the last until 6009. Events January January 1 The farthing coin, used since the 13th century, cease.
Published in 54 volumes, The Great Books of the Western World covers topics including fictionThree Graces, here in a painting by Sandro Botticelli, were the goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility in Greek mythology. Fiction is the term used to describe works of the imagination. This is in contrast to non-fiction, which, historyHistory is often used as a generic term for information about the past, such as in "geologic history of the Earth". When used as the name of a field of study, history refers to the study and interpretation of the record of human societies. The term histor, poetryPoetry is an art form in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. It consists largely of oral or literary works in which language is used in a manner that is felt by its use, natural scienceThe term natural science as the way in which different fields of study are defined is determined as much by historical convention as by the present day meaning of the words. Thus the traditional description of natural science is the study of the physical,, mathematicsMathematics is commonly defined as the study of patterns of structure, change, and space; more informally, one might say it is the study of "figures and numbers". In the formalist view, it is the investigation of axiomatically defined abstract structures, philosophyPhilosophy literally means 'love of wisdom' from the Greek 'philo' and 'sofia'. It is now widely used to designate the pursuit of knowledge or wisdom about fundamental matters concerning life, death, meaning, reality, being and truth. The term may also re, dramaThis article refers to the art form. For the town, see Drama, Greece . Drama is a term generally used to refer to an art form involving performances by actors, either real or computer-generated. These performances can be in a variety of media: live perfor, politics, religion, economics, and ethics. The first volume, titled "The Great Conversation" contains an introduction and discourse on liberal education by Hutchins. The next two volumes "The Great Ideas: A Syntopicon" were written by Adler and contained an introduction to 102 different concepts and references to them in all the works within "The Great Books". The volumes contained the following works:
1- The Great Conversation
2- Syntopicon I: Angel, Animal, Aristocracy, Art, Astronomy, Beauty, Being, Cause, Chance, Change, Citizen, Constitution, Courage, Custom and Convention, Definition, Democracy, Desire, Dialectic, Duty, Education, Element, Emotion, Eternity, Evolution, Experience, Family, Fate, Form, God, Good and Evil, Government, Habit, Happiness, History, Honor, Hypothesis, Idea, Immortality, Induction, Infinity, Judgment, Justice, Knowledge, Labor, Language, Law, Liberty, Life and Death, Logic, and Love
3- Syntopicon II: Man, Mathematics, Matter, Mechanics, Medicine, Memory and Imagination, Metaphysics, Mind, Monarchy, Nature, Necessity and Contingency, Oligarchy, One and Many, Opinion , Opposition, Philosophy, Physics, Pleasure and Pain, Poetry, Principle, Progress, Prophecy, Prudence, Punishment, Quality, Quantity, Reasoning, Relation, Religion, Revolution, Rhetoric, Same and Other, Science, Sense, Sign and Symbol, Sin, Slavery, Soul, Space, State, Temperance, Theology, Time, Truth, Tyranny, Universal and Particular, Virtue and Vice, War and Peace, Wealth, Will, Wisdom, and World
4- Homer -
5- Aeschylus -
6- Herodotus
7- Plato
8- Aristotle
9- Aristotle
10 - Hippocrates
11- Euclid
12- Lucretius -
13- Virgil -
14- Plutarch-
15- P. Cornelius Tacitus -
16- Ptolemy -
17- Plotinus -
18- St. Augustine -
19- Saint Thomas Aquinas -
20- Saint Thomas Aquinas -
21- Dante Alighieri -
22- Geoffrey Chaucer -
23- Nicoló Machiavelli -
24- Francois Rabelais -
25- Michel Eyquem de Montaigne -
26- William Shakespeare -
27- William Shakespeare -
28- William Gilbert -
29- Miguel de Cervantes -
30- Sir Francis Bacon -
31- René Descartes -
32- John Milton -
33- Blaise Pascal -
34- Sir Isaac Newton -
35- John Locke -
36- Jonathan Swift -
37- Henry Fielding
38- Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu
39- Adam Smith -
40- Edward Gibbon -
41- Edward Gibbon -
42- Immanuel Kant -
43- American State Papers
44- James Boswell -
45- Antoine Laurent Lavoisier -
46- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
47- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe -
48- Herman Melville -
49- Charles Darwin -
50- Karl Marx -
51- Count Leo Tolstoy -
52- Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky -
53- William James -
54- Sigmund Freud -
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