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RebellionThe Great Jewish Revolt ( 66– 70 CE), sometimes called The first Jewish-Roman War, was the first of three rebellions against the Roman Empire by the Jews of Judea. It began in 66, sparked by religious violence between the Jews and the local Hellenistic Greeks; it ended in 70 when Roman legions under Titus captured Jerusalem, looted and burned the Second Temple, and enslaved or massacred a large part of the Jewish populace.
1 Background
From about 6 CE Judea was ruled by Roman procurators, who were responsible for maintaining peace and collecting taxes. Pocketing any amount above the quota had been a regular practice, which led to abuse. The tensions rose higher when pagan Rome took over the appointment of the High Priest. In 39For alternate uses, see Number 39. Events Tigellinus, minister and favorite of the later Roman emperor Nero, is banished for adultery with Caligula's sisters. Domitius Afer secures a consulship. Caligula is also a consul. Agrippa I, king of Judea, is reca, Emperor CaligulaGaius Julius Caesar Germanicus ( August 31, AD 12 January 24, AD 41), also known as Gaius Caesar or Caligula was the third Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from AD 37 to 41. Known for his extremely extravagant, eccentric, and sometimes declared himself a god and ordered his statues to be set up at every temple. The Jews refused, alone in the whole Empire, preparing for armed revolt. Only Caligula's death in 43For alternate uses, see Number 43. Events The Roman conquest of Britain begins with the Battle of Medway. The Romans defeat Britons led by Caratacus The Romans found the cities of London, then known as Londinium, and Peterborough. The Romans begin to cons ended the disturbance. The theft of a large amount of money from Temple treasury by procurator Gessius Florus (who, according to Tacitus, "indulged in every kind of robbery and violence") contributed to the radicalization and increased the popularity of Zealots, some of whom believed that any means were justified in order to attain political and religious independence from Rome.
2 First successes
The revolt began in 66 in Caesarea, provoked by the desecration of local synagogueA synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer and study. The Hebrew term for synagogue is Beit Knesset (House of Assembly) or Beit Tefila (House of Prayer). There are usually separate rooms for prayer (the main sanctuary) and smaller rooms for study. Rooms set by the Hellenists, with which the Greek-speaking Roman garrison did not intrude. In an act of defiance, the son of high priest Eliezar ben Hanania ceased prayers and sacrifices dedicated to the Roman EmperorRoman Emperor is the title historians use to refer to the ruler of the Roman Empire. It was not actually used, and there was never actually any single office corresponding to it. Rather, the title "Roman Emperor" is a convenient shorthand for a complicate at the Temple and subsequently led a successful attack on the Roman garrison stationed in Jerusalem. The pro-Roman king Agrippa II and his sister Berenice fled Jerusalem to Galilee, where later they gave themselves up to Romans. Cestius Gallus, the legate of Syria, brought reinforcements to restore order, but lost nearly his entire legion (about 6,000 soldiers) at Beit-Horon while retreating.
A coin issued by the rebels in 68 CE. Obverse: " Shekel, Israel. Year 3". Reverse: "Jerusalem the Holy"
