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The event is commemorated every year on Guy Fawkes night, the 5th of November.
The conspirators had become disillusioned in James's refusal to give equal rights to Catholics. The plot was intended to initiate a rebellion during which, they hoped, James's daughter ( Elizabeth of Bohemia) could be installed as a Catholic head of state. The plot miscarried on November 5, hours before it was to have been enacted.
The plot was masterminded by Robert Catesby, and executed by Guido (Guy) Fawkes the explosives expert. The known other plotters included Thomas Wintour, Robert WintourRobert Wintour ( 1565 January 30 1606) was one of the leading members of the 1605 Gunpowder Plot to assassinate James I of England and Members of Parliament. Wintour, Robert Wintour, Robert., Christopher Wright, Thomas Percy, John Grant, Ambrose RokewoodAmbrose Rokewood (1578? January 31 1606) was one of the principal members of the abortive 1605 Gunpowder Plot conspiracy to assassinate James I of England and Members of Parliament. Rokewood was a member of a prominent Suffolk catholic family. In February, Robert Keyes, Sir Everard DigbySir Everard Digby ( May 16 1578 January 30 1606) was one of those inculpated in the abortive 1605 Gunpowder Plot to assassinate James I of England and Members of Parliament. Knighted by James on the way to his accession to the throne, Digby became involve, Francis TreshamFrancis Tresham (c. 1567 1605), English Gunpowder Plot conspirator, eldest son of Sir Thomas Tresham of Rushton, Northamptonshire (a descendant of Sir Thomas Tresham, Speaker of the House of Commons, executed by Edward IV in 1471), and of Muriel, daughter and Catesby's servant, Thomas Bates.
On 5 November each year, Britons celebrate the failure of the plot on what is known as Bonfire NightBonfire Night can refer to a number of occasions: St. John's Eve, on 23 June in Ireland Guy Fawkes Night on 5 November in the UK. (also known as Fireworks night or Guy FawkesThis article is about Guido (Guy) Fawkes. For the annual celebration named after him, see Guy Fawkes night. Guido (Guy) Fawkes (also spelt contemporaneously Faukes ( April 13, 1570 January 31, 1606), who also used the pseudonym John Johnson, was a member' night). The proximity of this event and the pre-Christian festival of Samhain EveSamhain (pron: 'sow-in) is the winter season of the ancient Celts. The name is also used for one of the sabbats in the Neo-Pagan wheel of the year. Celts According to the Celtic calendar, the year was divided into four quarters: Samhain (winter), Imbolc ( are notable.
The plotters were able to rent a cellar in the house adjacent to the old House of Lords (where the State Opening of Parliament would take place) and initially planned to tunnel through to the cellar directly below. This plan was abandoned when the conspirators were able to rent a cellar directly below the House of Lords
By March 1605 they had filled the cellar underneath the House of Lords with 36 barrels (approximately 2.5 tonnes) of gunpowder, concealed under a store of winter fuel. Yet a fear for the Catholic lords who would inevitably be killed led to someone (possibly Francis Tresham) writing a letter of warning to a prominent Catholic, Lord Monteagle, who received it on Saturday, October 26. The conspirators learned of the letter the following day, but resolved to go ahead with their plan, especially after Fawkes inspected the cellar and found nothing had been touched. Meanwhile, however, Monteagle showed the letter to Robert Cecil, the Secretary of State.
Guy Fawkes was left in charge of executing the plot, the other plotters fled to Dunchurch in Warwickshire to await news.Due to this tip-off, the cellar was raided on the morning of the 5th of November by Thomas Knyvet, a justice of the peace, who found conspirator Guy Fawkes in a cellar below the Parliament building and ordered a search of the area. The authorities found the barrels of gunpowder and placed Fawkes under arrest. Guy Fawkes was tortured on the rack until he confessed to his involvement in the plot and to the names of the other conspirators; the King signed a specific order allowing for torture, otherwise outlawed in England. Catesby was killed in the battle of his arrest, but all the other conspirators were soon caught, and were executed or killed during interrogation.
The Plot is immortalised in the popular verse:
(traditionally the following verses were also sung, but they have fallen out of favour because of their content)
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