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Haarlem | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | North Holland |
| Area - Land - Water | 32.12 kmē 29.32 kmē 2.80 kmē |
| Population (2004) - Density | 147,343 5,026 /kmē |
The municipality of Haarlem also comprises the village of Spaarndam.
The motto of Haarlem is Vicit vim virtus, which is Latin for virtue won over violence.
300px City Hall of Haarlem on the Grote Markt. It was built in the 14th century replacing the Count's castle.The oldest mentioning of Haarlem dates from the 10th century. The name comes from "Haarlo-heim" or "Harulahem", which means 'place, on sand covered with trees, higher than the others'. The location of the village was a good one: by the river Spaarne, and by a major road going south to north. By the 12th century it was a fortified town, and Haarlem became the hometown for the Counts of HollandThe Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century. House of Holland The first count of Holland, Dirk I, was probably the son of Count Gerulf II of Frisia. He received land around Egmond from.
In 1219Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade Ongoing events Fifth Crusade ( 1217- 1221) Births Deaths Jayavarman VII, ruler of the Khmer Empire Minamoto no Sanetomo, third shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of J the knights of Haarlem were honored by Count Willem I , because they had conquered the Egyptian port of DamiettaDamietta is a port in Dumyat, Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea at the Nile delta, about 200 kilometres north of Cairo. In ancient Egypt the city was known as Tamiat, but it became less important in the Hellenic period after the construction of Alexandria. (or Damiate in Dutch) in the 5th crusadeThis article is about the historical Crusades and the extended term "Crusade". For the artillery system, see XM2001 Crusader; for the fighter jet, see F-8 Crusader; for the television series, see Crusade. Historically, the Crusades were a series of severa. Haarlem received the right to bear the Count's sword and cross in its coat of arms. On November 23November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 38 days remaining. Events 1499 Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London. In 1497 he invaded 1245Events Rebellion against king Sancho II of Portugal in favor of his brother Alphonso. The rebuilding of Westminster Abbey is started. Pope Innocent IV sends two missions to the Mongol Khan, suggesting that the Mongols convert to Christianity. Births April Count Willem IICaesar van Everdingen (1654) William II of Holland (February 1228- 28 January 1256), was a count of Holland (1235-1256) and king of Germany (1247-1256). He was the son of Floris IV and Aleid van Gelre. When his father was killed at a tournament at Corbie, granted Haarlem city rights. This implied a number of privileges, among which the right for the sheriff and magistrates to administer justice, instead of the Count. This allowed for a quicker and more efficient justice system, more suited for the needs of the growing city.
After a siege by the Kennemers in 1270 a defensive wall was built around the city. Most likely this was a wall of earth, with wooden gates. Originally the city started out between Spaarne, Oudegracht, Ridderstraat, Bakenessergracht and Naussaustraat. In the 14th century the city expanded, and the Burgwalbuurt, Bakenes and the area around the Oudegracht became part of the city. The old defenses weren't strong enough for the expanded city, and at the end of the 14th century a 16,5 meter high wall was built, along with a 15 meters wide canal around the city.
In 1304 the Flemish threaten the city, but they are defeated by Witte van Haemstede at Manpad.
The buildings in the city were all made of wood, so there was a big risk for fires. In 1328 almost the whole city burned down. The St-Bavokerk got severely damaged, the rebuilding would take more than 150 years. Again, on June 12, 1347 there was a fire in the city. A third large fire, in 1351, destroyed many buildings including the Count's castle and the city hall. The Count did not need a castle in Haarlem anymore, because his castle in Den Haag had taken over all functions. The Count donated the ground to the city and later a new city hall was built there. The shape of the old city was square -- this was inspired by the shape of the ancient Jerusalem. After every fire the city was rebuilt quickly, an indication of the wealth of the city in those years.
The Black Death came to the city in 1381. According to an estimate by a priest from Leiden the disease killed 5,000 people: about 50% of the population at that time.
In the 14th century Haarlem was a major city. It was the 2nd largest city in the historical Holland after Dordrecht and before Delft, Leiden, Amsterdam, Gouda and Rotterdam. In 1429 the city gained the right to collect tolls, including on ships passing by the city at the river Spaarne. At the end of the Middle Ages Haarlem was a flourishing city with a lot of textile industry, shipyards and beerbreweries.
Around 1428 the city was put under siege by the army of Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut. Haarlem had taken side with the 'Cods' in the Hook and Cod wars, and thus against Jacoba van Beieren. The whole Haarlemmerhout was burned down by the enemy.
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