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Home > Pinyin

Pinyin (拼音, pinyin) literally means "join together sounds" (a less literal translation being "phoneticize", "spell" or "transcription") in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ pinyin (汉语拼音, literal meaning: " Han language pinyin"), which is a system of romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration to roman script) for Standard Mandarin used in the People's Republic of China. Pinyin was approved in 1958 and adopted in 1979 by its government. It superseded older transcriptions like the Wade-Giles system ( 1859; modified 1912) or Bopomofo. Similar systems have been designed for Chinese dialects and non-Han minority languages in the PRC. Cantonese also has a pinyin-type system called PenkyampPenkyamp ( Chinese: ; Yale: ping1 yam1, Jyutping: ping1 jam1) or Cantonese pinyin is a romanization system for transliterating Cantonese Chinese. It is a joint effort of enthusiasts in Guangzhou with a goal of devicing an alternative script to write Canto, whose name derives from the same word as pinyin, with the characters pronounced using their respective Cantonese pronunciations.

Since then, pinyin has been accepted by the Library of CongressThe Library of Congress the unofficial national library of the United States, is one of the most important libraries in the world. Originally founded as a research library for the United States Congress April 24th 1800, its original collection were the bo, The American Library Association, and most international institutions as the transcription system for Mandarin. In 1979 the International Organization for StandardizationThe International Organization for Standardization ISO or Iso is an international standard-setting body made up of representatives from national standards bodies. Founded in February 23, 1947, the organization produces world-wide industrial and commercial (ISO) adopted pinyin as the standard romanization for Modern Chinese.

It is important to maintain the distinction that pinyin is a romanization and not an anglicization; that is, it is equally applicable for transliteration into any language that uses a roman alphabet. Indeed some of the transliterations in pinyin such as the "ang" ending, do not correspond to English pronunciations. Pinyin has also become a useful tool for entering Chinese language text into computersBecause the Chinese language uses a logographic script—one in which one " character" corresponds roughly to one "word" or meaning—there are vastly more characters, or glyphs, than there are keys on a standard computer keyboard. A variety of keyboard input.

1 Pronunciation

The primary purpose of pinyin in Chinese schools is to teach Mandarin pronunciation. Many in the West are under the mistaken belief that pinyin is used to help children associate characters with spoken words which they already know, but this is incorrect as many Chinese do not use Mandarin at home, and therefore do not know the Mandarin pronunciation of words until they learn them in elementary school through the use of pinyin.

Pinyin uses the Roman alphabet, hence the pronunciation is relatively straightforward for Westerners. A pitfall for English-speaking novices is, however, the unusual pronunciation of "x", "q", "c" and "z". More information on the pronunciation of all pinyin letters in terms of English approximations is given further below.

The combined initialAlternative meaning: Initial (linguistics An initial is a more largely set, often several lines comprehensive letter with a decorating character at the beginning of a work, a chapter or a paragraph. In the early period of the printing the typesetters reles, vowelIn phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract, in contrast to consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract. The word vos, and finalA final can be: the last round of a competition or contest, which decides which individual or team will be champion a college or university examination in a student's final year the name of a band: see Final (band). a term in linguistics referring to thes represent the segmental phonemic portion of the language.

Initials:

In IPAThis article is about the alphabet officially used in linguistics. The NATO phonetic alphabet ("alpha bravo") has been informally and nonstandardly called the International Phonetic Alphabet as well. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a phonetic alpha:

In Pinyin:

Conventional order: b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s

Finals:

In IPA:

-r rhymes omitted. ²

In Pinyin:

In combination with an initial:

In standalone (no initials) form:

¹ /ʊn/ can only occur with an initial, so it has no standalone form; /uɤn/ can only occur without an initial, so it only has a standalone form.
² /ər/ (而,二, etc.) is written as er. For other -r rhymes formed by the suffix -r, pinyin does not use special orthography; one simply appends -r to the rhyme that it is added to without regard for any sound changes that may take place along the way.
³ "ü" is written as "u" after j q x.
⁴ "o" is written after b p m f, "uo" everywhere else.

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Hanyu, SaitamaHanyu ( Hanyo-shi is a city located in Saitama, Japan. As of 2003, the city has an estimated population of 57,292 and the density of 978. 51 persons per km². The total area is 58. The city was founded on September 1, 1954. External link in Japanese. HanyuHanyu can refer to: #a city in Saitama, Japan see Hanyu, Saitama #The Chinese name for the Chinese language ( ( traditional) / ( simplified); pinyin hany).