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Henry VIII ( 28 June 1491– 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. He was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father, Henry VII. He is famous for having been married six times, and also wielded the most untrammeled power of any British monarch. Notable events to occur during his reign included the establishment of the Church of England, the Dissolution of the Monasteries and the union of England and Wales.
Several significant pieces of legislation were enacted during Henry VIII's reign. They included several Acts which severed the English Church from the Roman Catholic ChurchThe Roman Catholic Church (often called simply the Catholic Church, but see Catholicism for other meanings of the term "Catholic Church") is a worldwide body of Christians in full communion with the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, and subscribing to the beliefs, the Act of Union 1536The Act of Union 1536 combined England and Wales into a single state. It was passed during the reign of King Henry VIII of England. His father, Henry VII was Welsh-born and very conscious of it, and Henry VIII declared himself proud of his Welsh blood. (which united England and Wales into one nation), the Buggery Act 1533The Buggery Act was adopted in England in 1533 during the reign of Henry VIII, and was the first legislation against homosexuals in the country. See also sodomy law. It was also one of the first anti-sodomy laws passed by any Germanic country. All Germani (the first anti-homosexual enactment in England), and the Witchcraft Act 1542Witchcraft In England, a succession of Witchcraft Acts have governed witchcraft and provided penalties for its practice. To consider the changes in these laws is to make a chronicle of received ideas about the subject. The first act of Parliament directed (which punished "invoking or conjuring an evil spirit" with death).
Henry is known to have been an avid gamblerGambling (or betting is any behaviour involving the risk of money or valuables on the outcome of a game, contest, or other event in which the outcome of that activity is partially or totally dependent upon chance. Though for many it is a form of recreatio and diceDice (the plural of the word die probably from the Latin dare to give) are, in general, small polyhedral objects with the faces marked with numbers or other symbols, thrown in order to choose one of the faces randomly. The most common dice are small cubes player during his lifetime. He excelled at sport—especially real tennisReal tennis is the original racquet sport from which the modern game of lawn tennis, or tennis, is descended. Real tennis is still played at a small number of active courts in UK, Australia, the United States and France. It is also known as court tennis (—during his youth. He was also an accomplished musician and poet; according to legend, he wrote the popular folk song GreensleevesGreensleeves is a traditional English folk song (or tune), basically a ground of the form called a romanesca; the widely-believed legend is that it was composed by King Henry VIII (1491 1547). It likely circulated in manuscript, as most social music did,. He was also involved in the construction and improvement of several buildings, including King's College Chapel, Hampton Court Palace, Nonsuch Palace and Westminster Abbey.
Born at the Palace of Placentia, Henry was the third child of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Only three of Henry's six siblings— Arthur (the Prince of Wales), Margaret and Mary—survived infancy. His father had become King through conquest, but had solidified his hold by marrying Elizabeth, the sister and heiress of Edward V.
In 1493, he was appointed Constable of Dover Castle and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. In 1494, the young Henry was created Duke of York. He was subsequently appointed Earl Marshal of England and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, though still a child.
In 1501, he attended the wedding of his elder brother Arthur and Catherine of Aragon, who were at the time only about fifteen and sixteen years old, respectively. The two were sent to spend time in Wales, as was then customary for the heir-apparent and his wife, but Arthur caught an infection and died. Consequently, at the age of eleven, Henry, Duke of York found himself heir-apparent to the Throne. Soon thereafter, he was created Prince of Wales.
Henry VII was still eager to maintain the marital alliance between England and Spain through a marriage between Henry, Prince of Wales and Catherine. Since the Prince of Wales sought to marry his brother's widow, he had to first obtain a dispensation from the Pope. Catherine maintained that her first marriage was never consummated; if she were correct, no papal dispensation would have been necessary. Nonetheless, both the English and Spanish parties agreed on the necessity of a papal dispensation for the removal of all doubts regarding the legitimacy of the marriage. Due to the impatience of the Catherine's mother, Queen Isabella, the Pope hastily granted his dispensation in a Papal Bull. Thus, fourteen months after her husband's death, Catherine found herself engaged to the Prince of Wales. By 1505, however, Henry VII lost interest in an alliance with Spain, and the young Prince of Wales was forced to declare that his betrothal had been arranged without his assent.
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