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History of France
series
Gaul
Franks
Middle Ages
Ancien Régime
French Revolution
First Empire
Restoration
Second Republic
Second Empire
Third Republic
Modern France

1 Gaul

For details, see the main Gaul article.

Settled mainly by the Gauls and related Celtic peoples (apart from a shrinking area of Basque population in the south-west and Ligurian population on the southern coast), the area of modern France comprised the bulk of the region of Gaul (Latin Gallia) under Roman rule from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD.

2 Franks

For details, see the main Franks article.

In 486, Clovis I, leader of the Salian Franks to the east, conquered the Roman territory between the Loire and the Somme, subsequently uniting most of northern and central France under his rule and adopting ( 496) the Roman Catholic form of Christianity in preference to the Arianism preferred by rival Germanic rulers.

After Clovis's death ( 511) his realm underwent repeated division while his MerovingianFor other uses of the term 'Merovingian', see Merovingian (disambiguation). The Merovingians were a dynasty of Frankish kings who ruled a (frequently fluctuating) area in parts of present-day France and Germany from the 5th to 8th century AD. They were so dynasty eventually lost effective power to their successive mayors of the palace, the founders of what was to become the CarolingianThe Carolingians were a dynasty of rulers that eventually controlled the Frankish realm and its successors from the 8th to the 10th century, officially taking over the kingdom from the Merovingian dynasty in 751. The name Carolingian itself comes from the dynasty. The assumption of the crown in 751Events Pippin the Short is elected as king of the Franks by the Frankish nobility. End of the Merovingian and beginning of the Carolingian dynasty. The Lombard king Aistulf captures Ravenna and the Romagna, ending the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna. Arabi by Pepin the ShortPepin III ( 714 September 24, 768) more often known as Pepin the Short (French, Pepin le Bref German, Pippin der Jungere , was a King of the Franks ( 751 768). He was born in 714 in Jupille, in what is today part of Belgium, but then a part of the kingdom (son of Charles MartelSee also: Charles Martel d'Anjou (1271-1295). Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) ( August 23, 686- October 22 741) was born in Herstal, Wallonia, Belgium, the illegitimate son of Pepin II (635 or 640 December 16 714) and his concubine Apaida or Chalpaida) established Carolingian rule in name as well as in fact.

The new rulers' power reached its fullest extent under Pepin's son CharlemagneCharlemagne (c. 2nd of April, 747 28th of January, 814) (or Charles the Great in German Karl der Grosse in Latin Carolus Magnus giving rise to the adjective form 'Carolingian'), was king of the Franks from 771 to 814, nominally King of the Lombards, and H, (Charles the Great), who in 771Events December 4 Austrasian King Carloman dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frank kingdom ( Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Franks at Rome on Christmas Day, 800). Gerberga, the widow of Carloman, flees to Desi reunited the Frankish domains after a further period of division, subsequently conquering the Lombard kingdom in northern Italy ( 774), incorporating Bavaria ( 788) into his realm, defeating the Avars of the Danubian plain ( 796), advancing the frontier with Muslim Spain as south as Barcelona ( 801), and subjugating Lower Saxony ( 804) after prolonged campaigning.

In recognition of his successes and his political support for the Papacy, Charlemagne was in 800 crowned Emperor of the Romans, or Roman Emperor in the West, by Pope Leo III: on the death of his son Louis I (emperor 814- 840), however, the empire was divided among Louis's three sons ( Treaty of Verdun, 843). After a last brief reunification ( 884- 887), the imperial title ceased to be held in the western part which was to form the basis of the future French kingdom.





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