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In hulls constructed from materials that are denser than water, such as steel, the hull traps a volume of air that lowers the overall density of the boat providing buoyancy so that the boat floats. Hulls constructed of materials that are less dense than water, such as some types of wood, may float even when full of water.
The very first hull is thought to have consisted of a hollowed out tree bole and was a Stone Age invention--in effect the first canoe. Hull construction then proceeded to keeled hulls, including ballast and on to modern double steel hulls with waterproof sections.
Hull construction is usually performed in a dry dockUSS Greeneville in dry dock following collision with a fishing boat. The dry dock is a place where ships come to be serviced or repainted. The final stages of production in most ships is also done in the dry dock, also called a "graving dock", particularl or on dry land. In the very latest sailing ships, hulls are often made of layers of foam and plasticThe term plastics covers a range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic condensation or polymerization products that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or fibers. Their name is derived from the fact that in their semi-liquid state they are ma, forming compositeComposite materials (or composites for short) are engineering materials made from two or more components. One component is often a strong fibre such as fiberglass, kevlar or carbon fibre that gives the material its tensile strength, while another componen hulls, with a minimum of weight. Variations on the single hull can be found with outriggerAn Outrigger is a thin, long, solid, hull used to stabilise an inherently unstable main hull, such as that of a canoe or bangca. The outrigger is positioned rigidly and parallel to the main hull so that the main hull is less likely to capsize. If only ones, and craft with more than one hull, called multihullA multihull is a sailing ship with more than one hull. The additional hulls provide stability, typically to hold the vessel upright against the sideways force of the wind on the sails. This is in contrast to monohulls which typically use a keel and/or bals.
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