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The Içá or Putumayo River is one of the tributaries of the Amazon river, west of and parallel to the Yapura. It forms the entirety of Colombia's border with Ecuador, as well as most of the frontier with Peru. Known as the Içá in the former two nations, it is called the Putumayo when it crosses into Brazil.In the late 19th century, the Içá was navigated by the French explorer Jules Crevaux ( 1847- 1882). He ascended it in a steamer drawing 6 feet of water, and running day and night. He reached Cuemby , 800 miles above its mouth, without finding a single rapid. Cuemby is only 200 miles from the Pacific Ocean, in a straight line, passing through the
town of Pasto in southern Colombia. Creveaux discovered the river sediments to be free of rock to the base of the Andes; the river banks were of argillaceousFor the town in the United States, see Clay, New York. Clay is a generic term for an aggregate of hydrous silicate particles less than 4 micrometers in diameter. It consists of small crystals of the minerals silica (SiO) and alumina (AlO). These elements, earth and the bottom of fine sandSand is an example of a class of materials called granular matter. Sand is a naturally occurring, finely divided rock, comprising particles or granules ranging in size from 0. 063 to 2 mm. An individual particle in this range size is termed a sand grain ..
During the late 19th and early 20th19th century 20th century 21st century more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901- 2000 in the sense of the Gre centuries, rubberThis article is about the material rubber, for other uses see Rubber (disambiguation Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of a number of plants but can also be produced synthetically. The ma companies, seeking cheap labour, enslavedSlavery is involuntary servitude, enforced by violence or other, clear forms of coercion. It is sometimes regarded as an expectation associated with other relationships, such as marriage and/or other family relations, military service, or debt relationshi the Amerindian peoples of the area around the Içá and forced them to work as serengueiros, rubber tappers, collecting the sap of the rubber treeThis article is about the biological organisms known as trees. For other meanings of the word see tree (disambiguation). oak tree in Denmark A tree can be defined as a large perennial woody plant. Though there is no set definition of size, it is generally to be processed into goods such as tyres for cars. These serengueiros were paid nothing and tortured or even murdered if they failed to fulfill their rubber quotas. Those who escaped were hunted down like animals. When the British consul to Peru headed an investigation into the treatment of the Native American workers in the rubber trade along the Içá, the report he made to the Peruvian government shocked the entire world. The rubber companies engaged in slavery were liquidated by the government, and their executives arrested.
Today the river is a major transportation route. Almost the entire length of the river is navigated by boats.
Cattle farming, along with the rubber trade, is also a major industry on the banks of the Içá. Rubber and balatá (a substance very much like gutta-percha, to the point where it is often called gutta-balatá ) from the Içá area are shipped to Manaus, Brazil.
Amazon river tributaries
