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The Ilkhanate (also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate) was one of the four divisions within the Mongol Empire. It was centered in the land of Persia and included present-day Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Azerbaijan. It was based, originally, on Genghis Khan's campaigns in the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219- 1224, and the continual expansion of Mongol presence under the commands of Chormagan, Baiju, and Eljigidei.
The founder of the Ilkhanate dynasty was Hulegu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Kublai Khan. Taking over from Baiju in 1255Events Konigsberg was founded Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) 1255. or 1256Events Hanseatic League formed. Births Deaths September 1, Kujo Yoritsune Monarchs/Presidents Aragon James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) 1256., he had been charged with subduing the Muslim kingdoms to the west "as far as the borders of Egypt." His expedition, however, was halted in PalestineFor varying definitions, see definitions of Palestine. Palestine ( Latin: Syria Palaestina Hebrew: Palestina Eretz Yisrael Arabic: Filasin , is a region in the Middle East extending inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Its political sta by the death of the khan Möngke, after which the Mongols largely withdrew, and suffered a sharp defeat at the Battle of Ain JalutThe Battle of Ain Jalut (or Ayn Jalut the "Spring of Goliath") took place on September 3, 1260 between the Mameluks and the Mongols in Palestine. The Mongols under Hulagu Khan had captured and destroyed Baghdad in 1258. In 1260 he sent envoys to Saif ad-D. After the accession of his brother Kublai, Hulegu returned, and the succession thereafter continued through his family--the true start of the Il-Khans, a term which means "subordinate khanFor the Star Trek character see Khan Noonien Singh''. Khan is a title meaning ruler in Mongolian. A khan controls a khanate . Whenever appropriate, it is also translated as emperor. Probably the most famous people with the title Khan were the Mongol Gengh", and refers to their initial deference to Kublai in ultimate sovereignty. Hulegu's descendents ruled Persia for the next eighty years, ultimately converting to Islam. ( GhazanGhazan Khan was ruler of the Ilkhanate from 1295 to 1305. He was born in 1271 to Argun and a Christian mother as a Christian. As a youth, together with his brother Oljeitu, they both converted to Buddhism. He annexed power from Baidu in 1295. Later, in 12 was the first khan to do so.) The Il-khans remained opposed to the Mamluks, (who had defeated both Mongol invaders and crusaders); but were never able to gain significant ground against them, eventually being forced to give up their aims on Syria, and their stranglehold over their vassals the Sultanate of Rum and the Armenian kingdom in Cilicia. This was due to the hostility of the khanates to the north and east--the Chagatai khanate in Mughulistan and the Blue Horde of Batu threatened the Ilkhanate in the Caucasus and Transoxiana, preventing expansion westward. Even under Hülegü's reign, the ilkhanate was engaged in open warfare in the Caucasus with the Mongols in the Russian steppes.
After Abu Sa'id's death in 1335, the khanate began to disintegrate rapidly, and split up into several rival successor states, most prominently the Jalayirid s. The last of the obscure il-khan pretenders was assassinated in 1353. Timur the Lame later carved a state from the Jalayirids, ostensibly to restore the old khanate.
The historian Rashid al-Din wrote a universal history for the khans around 1315 which provides much material for their history.
History of Mongolia
Persian history
