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:This is an article about groups called Illuminati. For information on the games, see Illuminati (game) and . For the novels, see The Illuminatus! Trilogy.The Illuminati is the name of many groups, modern and historical, real and fictitious, verified and alleged. Most commonly, however, The Illuminati refers specifically to the Bavarian Illuminati, described below. Most alleged and fictitious uses refer to a shadowy conspiratorial organization which controls world affairs behind the scenes, usually a modern incarnation or continuation of the Bavarian Illuminati. Illuminati is sometimes used synonymously with New World Order.
1 Origins
Since Illuminati literally means 'enlightened ones' in Latin, it is natural that several unrelated historical groups have identified themselves as Illuminati. Often, this was due to claims of possessing gnostic texts or other arcane information not generally available.
The designation illuminati was also in use from the 15th century, assumed by enthusiasts of another type, who claimed that the illuminating light came, not by being communicated from an authoritative but secret source, but from within, the result of exalted consciousness, or " enlightenment".
1.1 Alumbrados of Spain
To the former class belong the alumbrados of Spain. The historian Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo found the name as early as 1492 (in the form aluminados, 1498). but traced them to a Gnostic origin, and thought their views were promoted in Spain through influences from Italy. One of their earliest leaders, born in Salamanca, a labourer's daughter known as La Beata de PiedrahitaLa Beata de Piedrahita (died 1511), was an untutored Spanish mystic of the early 16th century, whose particular visionary character links her with the much earlier Cathars of southern France and demonstrates the continuity of Catharist heretical beliefs i, came under the notice of the Inquisition in 1511Events Diego Velazquez and Hernan Cortes conquer Cuba; Velazquez appointed Governor. August 24 Alfonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers the Sultanate of Malacca. St John's College, Cambridge founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort. Births November 15 Johanne, as claiming to hold colloquies with JesusImages of Jesus in which a halo is used to represent divinity. 6 4 BCE to c. 29 33 CE) is the central figure in Christianity, in which context he is known as Jesus Christ (from the Hebrew Yehošua , and Greek Chi;ριστ&sigmaf Chris and the Virgin MaryThe term Virgin Mary has several different meanings: For the historical and multi-denominational concept of Mary, see Mary, the mother of Jesus. For the Roman Catholic theological and doctrinal concept of Mary, see Blessed Virgin Mary. For the issue of Ma; some high patronage saved her from a rigorous denunciation. (Menéndez Pelayo, Los Heterodoxos Espanioles, 1881Events January 16- 24 ? Siege of Geok Tepe ? Russian troops under general Skobeleff defeat Turkomans January 25 Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company February 5 Phoenix, Arizona is incorporated. February 13 First issu, vol. v.). Ignatius Loyola, while studying at Salamanca in 1527Events January 5 Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat River in Zurich by the Zurich Reformed state church. May 6 Spanish and German troops led by the Duke of Bourbon sack Rome (the infamous Sacco di Roma), forcing Pop, was brought before an ecclesiastical commission on a charge of sympathy with the alumbrados, but escaped with an admonition. Others were not so fortunate. In 1529 a congregation of naive adherents at Toledo was subjected to whippings and imprisonment. Greater rigors followed, and for about a century the alumbrados sent many victims to the Inquisition, especially at Cordoba .
