Home > Independence (disambiguation)
1 Business
In business, an independent business is a term of distinction and is generally used to refer to businesses which are privately owned as opposed to those publicly owned through a distribution of shares on the market. A sole-proprietorship is the most common form of independent business. Other terms of distinction used in addition to independent businesses are small business and startup business , which have varying subtleties of distinction.
Independence Air is a low-cost airline in the United States.
2 Religion
In English church history, an Independent advocated local congregational control of religious and church matters, without any wider geographical hierarchy, either ecclesiastical or political. Independents reached particular prominence in the period of the English Civil War and of the Commonwealth of England.
3 Mathematics
In mathematics,
- the argument to a function is the independent variableIn experimental design, an independent variable is a variable used to define treatment groups. For example, in a study of how different dosages of a drug are related to the severity of symptoms of a disease, the specific doses selected by the experimenter, an entirely different concept from that of statistical independence.
- a proposition may be logically independentIn mathematical logic, a statement S is independent of a theory T if it is impossible to prove S from T and it is impossible to prove not S from T. Many interesting statements in set theory are independent of ZF. It is possible for the statement "S is ind of a set of axiomFor the algebra software named Axiom, see Axiom (algebra software). For the 1970s Australian rock music group, see Axiom (band). In epistemology, an axiom is a self-evident truth upon which other knowledge must rest, from which other knowledge is built ups, if there is no proof or disproof based solely on those axioms,
4 Telecommunication
- Bit-sequence independenceIn telecommunication, bit-sequence independence is a characteristic of some digital data transmission systems that impose no restrictions on, or modification of, the transmitted bit sequence. Bit-sequence-independent protocols are in contrast to protocols
5 Politics
IndependenceAlternate uses: see Independence (disambiguation Independence for a country, organization or branch of government is the same as self-rule, as opposed to being ruled by someone else. Establishing such independence sometimes implies a violent break-out or is the status of a state or country whose government is not subject to any other government. In the Eastern Orthodox ChurchEastern Orthodox Christianity (Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox) is the modern name primarily applied to the Christian church that claims to be the original historical church started by Christ Jesus and his Apostles 2000 years ago. They claim unbroken apo, a similar concept is called autocephalyIn hierarchical Christian churches, especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. When an ecumenical council or a high-ranking.
In politicsPolitics is the process and method of decision-making for groups of human beings. Although it is generally applied to governments, politics is also observed in all human group interactions including corporate, academic, and religious. Political science is, an independent is a voter or a politician who is not affiliated with any political party. In countries with a a two-party system, independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between the two parties, or may feel that neither of the two parties adequately represents their viewpoint.
Recent independent candidates for U.S. President include John Anderson in 1980 and Ralph Nader in 2004.
