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The Koreans developed Geobukseon ("Turtle[-shaped] ships") in the 16th century to thwart the repeated attempts by Japan to invade Joseon. The geobukseon—designed by the admiral Yi Sun-sinYi Sun-sin ( 1545 — December 16, 1598), also rendered as Yi Sun-shin or I Sunsin was a Korean naval leader. As the Lord High Admiral of the Korean fleet under the Joseon Dynasty, Yi led the fight against the Japanese during their first invasion of Korea d—were said to be ironclads; however, they were not fully covered but just roofed with iron plates or metal thorns so that enemy soldiers could not take the ships.
The French La GloireThe French Navy's La Gloire ("Glory") was the first ocean-going ironclad warship in history. She was launched in 1859 following the Crimean War, in response to new developments in naval gun technology, especially the Paixhans guns and rifled guns, which u, the first ocean-going ironclad warship.
In 1855Events Births January 5 King Camp Gillette, inventor († 1932) January 21 John Moses Browning, inventor († 1926) January 28 William Seward Burroughs, inventor of the calculator († 1898) March 13 Percival Lowell, astronomer († 19, the FrenchThe French Republic or France ( French: Republique francaise or France is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. navy experimented with ironclad floating batteries as a means of reducing the fearsome RussiaThe Russian Federation ( Russian: , transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija , or Russia (Russian: , transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Withn defenses at SevastopolSevastopol Sevastopol in Ukrainian; Akyar in Turkish), formerly known as Sebastopol is a port city in Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimean peninsula. It has a population of 328,600 (2004). Home of the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet, the city. In 1856Events January 8 Borax is discovered ( John Veatch). January 29 Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross February 18 The American Party ( Know-Nothings) convene in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to nominate their first Presidential candidate, former Presi, the British constructed two similar devices to reduce Russian coastal defenses in Lithuania, but failed to use them before the conclusion of hostilities. While these devices were ironclad, and built on floating "rafts", they had to be towed into position due to inadequate motive power of their own.
In 1859, France launched La Gloire, the first ocean-going ironclad warship in history. She was soon followed by the British Navy's much superior Warrior in 1860.
The use of steam-powered ironclads in a conflict started in the American Civil War. The first of these vessels to see action, CSS Manassas, was a turtleback ironclad steam-tug formerly known as the Enoch Train. She was used in combat against the U.S. Navy and proved somewhat effective initially until U.S. ships learned to exploit her rather weak armor. The first engagement of two ironclad warships was the Battle of Hampton Roads, from March 8-9, 1862. Though the engagement was inconclusive, the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia and her Federal counterpart, USS Monitor, became somewhat legendary, and helped to usher in a new age of armored, steam powered warships.
Spain used ironclads against Chile in 1864, but the largest battle involving ironclads of this type was the Battle of Lissa in 1866. Waged between the Austro-Hungarian and Italian navies, the battle pitted combined fleets of wooden ships of the line and ironclad warships on both sides in the largest European naval battle since the Battle of Trafalgar. The victory won by Austria-Hungary established it briefly as the predominant naval power in the Mediterranean.The ironclad continued to be the dominant style of warship and developed into what is sometimes called the "old" battleship before being replaced by more advanced, far more seaworthy vessels known to history as pre-Dreadnoughts.
While the ironclad warship suffered from numerous flaws, the fact that it became the prominent naval weapon of its era and inspired nearly a century of progressively heavier armored warships can be ascribed to its massive advantage over the previous ships of the line in terms of protection. While a ship of the line could resist some damage, it was terribly vulnerable to fire and found itself completely outclassed by the new developments in naval armament beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century. Combined with the phenomenon of the steam engine, the ironclad warship could outfight, outgun, and eventually outrun even the most powerful three decker.
The age of the ironclad officially ended with the birth of the pre-dreadnought; however, its influence continued to be felt until the end of World War II, when naval theorists argued that the armored warship had outlived its usefulness. Recent naval encounters, however, have caused the concept of the armored warship to be re-evaluated, and perhaps the ironclad will live on in some form, after all.
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