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Jeanne d'Arc or Jehanne Darc was born in Domremy to a peasant family. Domremy is a village which is now in Lorraine, but was then a part of the Duchy of Barre — a part of France whose Duke was pro-Anglo-Burgundian in loyalty. France at that time was split by a factional rivalry which would allow the English to make swift gains: two factions of the French Royal family, the Burgundians (supporters of the Duke of BurgundyThe following is a list of the Dukes of Burgundy Richard of Autun, the Justicier ( 880 921) Rudolph of Burgundy (king of France from 923) ( 921 923) Hugh the Black ( 923 952) Gilbert of Chalon ( 952 956) Odo of Paris ( 956- 965) Otto-Henry the Great ( 965) and the ArmagnacThe hilly Armagnac region in the foothills of the Pyrenees, between the Adour and Garonne rivers is a historic comt of the Duchy of Gascony (Gascogne), established in 601 CE in the southwest of Aquitaine (now France). The first Count of Armagnac was Bernas (supporters of the Duke of Orléans, and later of Charles VIIJean Fouquet, ca 1420, ( Louvre) Charles VII ( February 22, 1403 July 22, 1461) was king of France from 1422 to 1461, a member of the Valois Dynasty. Born in Paris, Charles was the eldest surviving son of Charles VI of France and Isabeau de Baviere. On th) became involved in a struggle over the government which facilitated Henry VHenry V ( August 9 or September 16, 1387 August 31, 1422), King of England, son of Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, was born at Monmouth, Wales, in September 1387. On his father's exile in 1398, Richard II took the boy into his own charge, and treate's conquests beginning in 1415Events Friedrich I Hohenzollern (b. 20 Sep 1440) becomes Burgrave of Nuremberg March 14 Jan Hus travels to the Council of Constance to propose reforms for the church May 5 the Council of Constance condemns the writings of John Wycliffe and asks Jan Hus to. In 1420Events May 21 Treaty of Troyes. With the Burgundian faction dominant in France, King Charles VI of France acknowledges Henry V of England as his heir and as virtual ruler of most of France. May 25 Henry the Navigator is appointed governor of the Order of, the Treaty of TroyesThe Treaty of Troyes saw that Charles VI of France after his death would be succeeded by Henry VI. In 1420, it disinherited the legitimate heir to the French throne and proclaimed Henry V the successor to the French king, Charles VI. When Henry and Charle granted the throne to Henry V's heirs, disinheriting the Dauphin (Crown Prince), Charles, and making the infant Henry VI of England the nominal king after 1422.
Joan of Arc at the moment she first heard her call; Saints Michael, Margaret, and Catherine are behind her; Oil on canvas in two joined vertical panels by Jules Bastien-Lepage, 1879 Around 1424 Jeanne said she began receiving visions of Saint Michael the Archangel, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret telling her to drive out the English and bring the Dauphin to Reims for his coronation. In 1428 at the age of 16, she asked a family relative, Durand Lassois, to bring her to nearby Vaucouleurs in order to ask the garrison commander, Lord Robert de Baudricourt, to give her an escort to bring her to the Dauphin's court at Chinon. She was rejected, but returned the following January and was finally granted an escort of six men. Two of these soldiers, Jean de Metz and Bertrand de Poulengy, said they gave her male clothing to wear (as the standard disguise used in such circumstances) and brought her through Burgundian-controlled territory to Chinon. She was said to have convinced Charles to believe in her by relating a private prayer that he had made the previous November 1st, although he additionally insisted on having her examined for three weeks by theologians at Poitiers before granting final acceptance. She was then brought to a succession of towns where preparations were being made to bring supplies to the city of Orléans, which had been under siege by the English since the previous October.
She was joined by her brothers Jean and Pierre, and equipped with armour and a white banner depicting God flanked by two angels and the words "Jesus" and "Mary" on the side. With her piety, confidence, and enthusiasm, she boosted the morale of the troops.
She arrived at the besieged city of Orléans on April 29, 1429. After several English fortifications were taken on May 4th, 6th, and 7th, the remaining English forces were pulled from their siege lines on May 8. The lifting of the siege – the "sign" that she had said would verify her legitimacy as a visionary – gained her the support of prominent clergy such as the Archbishop of Embrun and the prominent theologian Jean Gerson, who both wrote supportive treatises immediately following this event.
The Royal army's next objective was to clear the rest of the Loire Valley of English strongholds. Jargeau was taken on June 12; the bridge at Meung-sur-Loire was occupied on the 15th, followed by the surrender of Beaugency on the 17th. A greater victory was achieved on the 18th, when an English army was cut to pieces near Patay, with a loss of 2,200 English soldiers versus only a little over 20 French and Scots. This allowed the Royal army to now attempt a march toward Reims for Charles' coronation.
The army set out from Gien-sur-Loire on June 29, accepting the neutrality of the Burgundian-held city of Auxerre by July 3 before laying siege to the city of Troyes on July 5. This city surrendered on the 9th, followed by Châlons-sur-Marne on the 14th. Reims opened its gates to the army when it arrived on the 16th, allowing the Dauphin to be crowned as Charles VII the following morning, July 17, 1429.
Although Jeanne and a number of the commanders urged a prompt march on Paris, the Royal Court was mesmerized by the prospect of a negotiated peace offered by the Duke of Burgundy. Negotiations with Burgundian diplomats began at Reims shortly after the coronation, resulting in a 15-day truce which merely had the effect of stalling the Royal army's momentum. Charles used this time to take the army on a wandering tour of nearby cities in the hope of accepting their allegiance in turn, a process which bore fruit largely due to Jeanne's "great diligence" (according to one of the chroniclers who served in her army). A day of skirmishing with an English army under the Duke of Bedford at Montépilloy on August 15 led to a slow march toward Paris. An attack on the city finally came on September 8, but ended in disaster when Jeanne was shot in the leg and the attack was called off against her will. Charles ordered the army to withdraw on the 10th. A lack of Royal support was also blamed for the failure to take La-Charité-sur-Loire in late November and December.
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