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The Jordan River is a river in western Asia flowing through the Jordan Rift Valley into the Dead Sea. It arises from springs at the base of Mount Hermon. One spring forms the stream Nahal Senir, the second (Banaias at Caesarea Philippi forms the stream Naahal Hermon, the third forms the stream Nahal Dan, all three of which merge to form the Jordan. The Jordan drops rapidly in a seventy-five kilometer run to swampy Lake Merom , which is slightly below sea level in the Rift Valley. Exiting the lake, it drops much more in about 25 kilometers to the Sea of Galilee, also known as Kinnereth. The last section has less gradient, and the river begins to meander before it enters the Dead Sea, which is about 400 meters below sea level and has no outlet. Two major tributaries enter from the east during this last phase, the Rivers Yarmuk and Jabbok.
Its section north of Sea of Galilee is within the boundaries of Israel. South of the lake, it forms the border between the kingdom of Jordan (to the east) and Israel (to the west). Further south, it forms the border between Jordan and the West Bank.
In modern times the waters are 70 to 90 per cent used for human purposes and the flow is much reduced. Because of this and the high evaporation rate of the Dead Sea, the sea is shrinking. All the shallow waters of the southern end of the sea have been drained in modern times and are now salt flats.
The waters of the Jordan are an extremely important resource to the dry lands of the area and are a bone of contention between Lebanon, SyriaThe Syrian Arab Republic is a country in Southwest Asia, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. The border with Israel is subject to dispute, pending the resolution of outstanding conflicts over possession of the Gola, Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian West Bank.
In the Hebrew BibleHebrew Bible refers to the common portions of the Jewish and Christian canons. It is a bias-free term that is preferred to both Tanakh and Old Testament when discussing the text in academic writing. 3 of the Style Manual for the Society of Biblical Litera, the Jordan is referred to as the source of fertility to a large plain ("Kikkar ha-Yarden"), called on account of its luxuriant vegetation "the garden of God" (Genesis 13:10). There is no regular description of the Jordan in the Bible; only scattered and indefinite references to it are given. Jacob crossed it and its tributary, the Jabbok (the modern Al-Zarḳa), in order to reach Haran (Gen. 32:11, 23-24). It is noted as the line of demarcation between the "two tribes and the half tribe" settled to the east (Num. 34:15) and the "nine tribes and the half tribe of Manasseh" that, led by JoshuaJoshua or Yehoshua " The LORD of/is help/court", Standard Hebrew Yhošua Tiberian Hebrew Yhošu is a Biblical character, much of whose life is described in the Book of Joshua. The name of the Christian messiah, Jesus of Nazareth, is an Aramaic a, settled to the west (Josh. 13:7, passim).
Opposite JerichoFor other meanings of the word Jericho see: Jericho (disambiguation Jericho ( Arabic Ari Hebrew alphabet Standard Hebrew Yrio Tiberian Hebrew Yri Yri is a town in the West Bank, near the west bank of the Jordan River. Biblical background Jericho is mentio it was called "the Jordan of Jericho" (Num. xxxiv. 15, xxxv. 1). The Jordan has a number of fords, and one of them is famous as the place where many Ephraimites were slain by Jephthah (Judges 12:5-6). It seems that these are the same fords mentioned as being near Beth-barah, where Gideon lay in wait for the Midianites (Judges 7:24). In the plain of the Jordan, between Succoth and Zarthan, is the clay ground where Solomon had his brass-foundries (I Kings 7:46).
In Biblical history the Jordan appears as the scene of several miracleMiracle is a term used by adherents of many religions for what they say is an intervention by God in the universe. One must keep in mind that in Judaism, Christianity, Islam and in other faiths people have substantially different definitions of the word ms, the first taking place when the Jordan, near Jericho, was crossed by the Israelites under Joshua (Josh. iii. 15-17). Later the two tribes and the half tribe that settled east of the Jordan built a large altar on its banks as "a witness" between them and the other tribes (Josh. xxii. 10, 26 et seq.). The Jordan was said to be crossed dry-shod by ElijahElijah "Whose/my God is the Lord", Standard Hebrew Eliyyahu Tiberian Hebrew Eliyyh , also Elias ( NT Greek , is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. His name has been variously translated as "whose God is the Lord", "God the Lord", "the strong and ElishaElisha "My God is salvation", Standard Hebrew Eliša Tiberian Hebrew Eliša was the son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah; he became the attendant and disciple of Elijah ( 1 Kings 19:16-19). His name first occurs in the command given to Elijah to anoin (II Kings 2: 8, 14). Elisha performed two other miracles at the Jordan: he healed Naaman by having him bathe in its waters, and he made the ax of one of the children of the prophets float, by throwing a piece of wood into the water (II Kings 5:14, 6:6).
The Jordan was crossed by Judas Maccabeus and his brother Jonathan during their war with the Nabatæans (I Macc. 5:24). A little later the Jordan was the scene of the battle between Jonathan and Bacchides, in which the latter was defeated (I Macc. 9:42-49)
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