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A journalist is a person who practices journalism - that is, who creates reports as a profession for broadcast or publication in mass media such as newspapers, television, radio, magazines, documentary film, and the Internet. 1 Origin and scope of the term
In the early 19th century, journalist meant simply someone who wrote for journals, such as Charles Dickens in his early career. In the past century it has come to mean a writer for newspapers and magazines as well.
Many people consider journalist interchangeable with reporter, a person who gathers information and creates a written report, or story. However, this overlooks many other types of journalists, including columnists, leader writers, photographers, editorial designers, and sub editors (British) or copy editors (American).
Regardless of medium, the term journalist carries a connotation or expectation of professionalism in reporting, with consideration for truth and ethics. It should be added that some journals, such as the downmarket, scandal-led tabloids, do not make great claims to truth or ethical reporting.
2 18th-century journalists
- Daniel Defoe - as editor of the Review, he can claim to have invented many of the most popular formats, including the eye-witness report, the travel piece and the strongly opinionated column. Defoe's Review began publication on 19 February 1704 and lasted until 11 June 1713. He was also involved in several other periodicals, including The Master Mercury (1704), Mercator: or, Commerce Retrieved (1713-14), The Monitor (1714), The Manufacturer (1719-21), The Commentator (1720) and The Director (1720-1).
- Richard SteeleThere is also the boxing referee Richard Steele Sir Richard Steele (1672 September 1, 1729) was an Irish writer and politician, remembered, along with his friend, Joseph Addison, as co-founder of The Spectator magazine. Steele was born in Dublin, Ireland, - founded and edited London-based periodicals including The Guardian and The Spectator in the early 1700s.
- Joseph AddisonJoseph Addison ( May 1, 1672 June 17, 1719) was an English politician and writer. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend, Richard Steele, with whom he founded The Spectator magazine. Addison was born in Milston, Wiltshir - wrote many of the finest pieces in Steele's publications
3 19th-century journalists
- William Cowper BrannWilliam Cowper Brann ( 1855- 1898) was an American journalist. Brann was born in Illinois and died in Waco, Texas. Brann was a highly opinionated, colorful writer. At the time of his death, Brann edited the Iconoclast in Waco, Texas. He was also noted for (1855-1898) - colorful editor of the Iconcolast in Waco, Texas.
- Nellie BlyElizabeth Jane Cochran ( May 5, 1865 January 27, 1922), born in Cochran's Mills, Pennsylvania, was perhaps better known under her pen name Nellie Bly . An investigative journalist, she pioneered undercover journalism. Apparently she changed her last name (1865-1922) - undercover reporterUndercover journalism is a form of journalism in which a reporter tries to infiltrate in a community by posing as somebody friendly to that community. Journalists who are famous for their undercover reports: Nellie Bly Gunter Wallraff 60 Minutes Investiga
- Samuel Taylor ColeridgeThis page is about the nineteenth century English poet. For the twentieth century classical composer, see Samuel Coleridge-Taylor. Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( October 21, 1772- July 25, 1834) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher and, along with his - political essays, poetry, and reportage
- Charles Dickens (1812-1870) - started as a shorthandShorthand is a writing method that can be done at speed because an abbreviated or symbolic form of language is used. It is commonly used by court stenographers. The word stenography comes from the Greek for "close writing". Many forms of shorthand exist. writer logging debates in the courts and Houses of ParliamentThis may refer to the: British Houses of Parliament. Also known as the Palace of Westminster. Irish Houses of Parliament. before becoming a Parliamentary journalist
- Pierce Egan (1772-1849) - early sportswriter and reporter on popular culture
- Rudyard Kipling (1865-1956) - newspaper editor and correspondent in India
- Jacob Riis (1849-1914) - journalist and slum reformer
