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Kappa Sigma's traditional founding goes back to 1400 in the city of Bologna. Manuel Chrysoloras and some of his disciples formed a society for the mutual protection of one another against the governor of the time, Baldassarre Cossa, who often sent robbers to attack and steal from the students. These students devised secret signs, words, and forms to protect their ranks and ensure members' safety. Cossa later usurped the Papacy under the name John XXIII after leaving Bologna.
Kappa Sigma was founded in America on December 10, 1869 by five students ( William Grigsby McCormick , George Miles Arnold , John Covert Boyd , Frank Courtney Nicodemus , and Edmund Law Rogers ) attending the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The five founders, called "The Five Friends and Brothers", gathered in McCormick's room at 46 E Lawn and planted the seeds of brotherhood. From this first meeting Kappa Sigma was given a Constitution and an Oath which sets the principles and ideals to all Kappa Sigmas today.