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The Karakum Desert, also spelled Kara-Kum and Gara Gum (“Black Sand”) ( Turkmen: Garagum, Russian: Karakumy) is a desert in Central Asia. It occupies about 70 percent, or 350,000 km², of the area of Turkmenistan.
It lies east of the Caspian Sea, with the Aral Sea to the north and the Amu Darya river and Qyzyl-Qum desert to the northeast.
The Murghab and Tejen rivers flow out of the Hindu Kush Mountains to the south and empty into the desert, providing water for irrigation.
The desert is crossed by the largest irrigation canal in the world, the Qara-Qum Canal . The canal was started in 1954, is 1,375 km in length, and carries 13 km³ of water annually. Unfortunately, leakages from the canal have created lakes and ponds along the canal and the rise in groundwater has caused widespread salinization.
The oasesSahara In geography, an oasis is an isolated area of vegetation in a desert, typically surrounding a spring or similar water source. The location of oases has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes in desert areas. Caravans must t of MaryMary is a city of Turkmenistan, capital of the Mary Welayaty. The city is an oasis in the Karakum Desert. It is located near the historical city of Merv. and TejenTejen (or Tedzhen) is an oasis city in the Karakum Desert, in Turkmenistan. The Hari Rud passes near Tejen, and is therefore known in Turkmenistan as the Tejen River''. are noted for cottonCotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant. The fibre is most often spun into thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. Cotton is a valuable crop because only about 10% of the raw weight is lost in processing. Once tr growing.
The area has significant oilOil is a generic term for fluids that are not miscible with water. The name comes from Latin oleum for olive oil. Oil is frequently used to refer to petroleum an "oil shortage" generally means an inadequate supply of petroleum rather than cooking oil. and natural gasNatural gas is a gas produced by the anaerobic decay of organic material. It is usually found in oil fields and natural gas fields, but is also generated in swamps and marshes (where it is called swamp gas or marsh gas , in landfill sites, and during dige deposits.
The desert is crossed by the Trans-Caspian railway .
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