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Karelia is the land of the Karelian people, that inhabitated vast areas in Northern Europe, of historical significance for Finland, Russia and Sweden. It is currenty divided between the Russian Republic of Karelia, the Russian Leningrad Oblast, and two Regions of Finland, South Karelia and North Karelia.
In the Karelian and Finnish languages Karelia is called Karjala; in Russian Карелия, and in Swedish Karelen.
Main article: History of Karelia
Karelia was bitterly fought over by Sweden and NovgorodFor other cities named Novgorod see Novgorod (disambiguation). Novgorod is a city in North-Western Russia. Since 1998 the official name of the city is Velikiy Novgorod Great Novgorod . It is the capital of Novgorod Oblast. The city lies along the Volkhov in the 13th century12th century 13th century 14th century other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. Events Fourth through eighth crusades of western European kingdoms against Islam Fall of. The Treaty of NöteborgThe Treaty of Noteborg signed at Orechovets Pahkinasaari on August 12, 1323, was a treaty between Sweden and Novgorod regulating their border. This was the first time the border between what was to become Russia and Sweden-Finland was regulated. The treat in 1323Events Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas August 12 The Treaty of Noteborg between Sweden and Novgorod ( Russia) is signed, regulating the border for the first time Births Deaths 1323. divided Karelia between the two. VyborgNot to be confused with : the Danish town and county of Viborg in Jutland : Viapori a Finnish transcription of Sveaborg better known as Suomenlinna castle Vyborg (transcription of Russian is a town with 70,000 inhabitants at Russia's border to Finland, on became the capital of the new Swedish province.
The Treaty of NystadThe Treaty of Nystad ( 1721), signed at the present-day Finnish town of Uusikaupunki, ended the Great Northern War, in which Russia received the territories of Estonia, Livonia and Ingria, as well as much of Karelia and Tsar Peter I of Russia replaced Kin in 1721Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November, between Imperial RussiaThe Russian Empire ( Russian: also Imperial Russia covers the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great into the Russian Empire stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposition of Nicholas II of Russia, and Sweden, ceded most of Karelia to Russia. After Finland had been conquered by Russia in the Finnish War, parts of the ceded provinces ( Old Finland) were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Finland. In 1917 Finland became independent and the border was confirmed by the Treaty of Tartu in 1920.
During the 1920s, Finns were involved in attempts to overthrow the Bolshevists in Russian Karelia ( East Karelia), for instance in the failed Aunus expedition.
After the end of the Russian Civil War, and the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922, the Russian part of Karelia became the Karelian Autonomous republic of the Soviet Union (ASSR) in 1923.
In the 1940s, most of Finnish Karelia was first ceded to the Soviet Union in the Peace of Moscow that followed the Winter War ( 1939– 1940), then re-conquered for three years during the Continuation War 1941– 1944 when also East Karelia was occupied by the Finns. The Winter War and the resulting Soviet expansion caused considerable bitterness in Finland that lost its second biggest city, Vyborg, its industrial heart along the river Vuoksi, the Saimaa canal that connected central Finland to the Gulf of Finland, access to the fishing waters of Lake Ladoga, and made an eighth of her citizens refugees without hope of return.
As a consequence of the Peace of Moscow, the Karelian ASSR was incorporated with the Karelo-Finnish SSR 1941– 1956; After which it became an ASSR again.
In 1991 the Republic of Karelia was created of the ASSR.
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